Mereja.Forum

[Sadacha Macca]

As I read random stuff on Oromo and Ethio history in general, I'll be posting excerpts here:

''Abbaa Gandaa: This term is derived from the Oromo words ''Abbaa'' or father and ''Gandaa'' or ''village, community, neighborhood, vicinity.''
Each of the five Gibe Oromo kingdoms was ruled by a king who was assisted by a ''council of state.'' For administrative, judicial and military purposes each state was divided into provinces headed by a governor or ''Abbaa Qorro'' [father of the district]; the provinces in turn were divided into 5 to 10 districts, Gandaa, each with it's own Abba who was responsible for day to day administration and ensuring that the ''social pyramid was maintained by the labor and produce of the population.'' Under the Abbaa Gandaa, but appointed by different criteria with a certain degree of independence, were Abba Funo or father(s) of the cords, who acted both as restraining middlemen and collectors of the salt tax and other tributes.''
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C: Pages 13-14.

[Union]

You ascari eritrean anbeta qorcahme የጣልያን ሉጢ aka euroQinter

As I read random stuff on Oromo and Ethio history in general, I'll be posting excerpts here:

''Abbaa Gandaa: This term is derived from the Oromo words ''Abbaa'' or father and ''Gandaa'' or ''village, community, neighborhood, vicinity.''
Each of the five Gibe Oromo kingdoms was ruled by a king who was assisted by a ''council of state.'' For administrative, judicial and military purposes each state was divided into provinces headed by a governor or ''Abbaa Qorro'' [father of the district]; the provinces in turn were divided into 5 to 10 districts, Gandaa, each with it's own Abba who was responsible for day to day administration and ensuring that the ''social pyramid was maintained by the labor and produce of the population.'' Under the Abbaa Gandaa, but appointed by different criteria with a certain degree of independence, were Abba Funo or father(s) of the cords, who acted both as restraining middlemen and collectors of the salt tax and other tributes.''
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C: Pages 13-14.

[Sadacha Macca]

''When the Yemeni Ambassador visited Gondar in 1648, he was greatly impressed by the Oromo as a powerful people.
He reported to his king in Yemen that ''the Oromos are exerting pressure on the Christians of Al-Habasha from all sides and borders of their territory, none of these regions being devoid of them.''
His report is an indication that, by the 2nd half of the 17th century, the Oromo had consolidated themselves, and there were few Pan Oromo operations against Emperor Fasiladas.
In addition, the Oromo strategy of engaging the Ethiopian army north of the Abbay River reduced expeditions to the south of the river. Their fatherland, Oromia, had been defended well.

On the other hand, frontier skirmishes, particularly in southern and southwestern Gojjam, continued under Fasiladas.
Greatly frustrated by the hit-and-run strategy of the Oromos, Fasiladas decided to mount a frontal attack on them, south of the Abbay. In 1645, he led a strong expedition to Guduruu, and defeated the Akabo [or Akaako?] Oromos at a placed called Sobe.
As usual, however, this did NOT stop the Oromo from putting heavy pressure on Gojjam in 1649 and 1650; they also attacked Enarya, Begemder, and Dembiya.
Around 1662, the Boorana attacked Gojjam, while the Barentu descended upon Bagemder.
While the Emperor was fighting the Boorana in Gojjam, the Wallo groups moved into Bagemder, where they met major resistance.

Fasiladas's son and successor, Emperor Yohannes [1667 to 1682], also attempted to check the advance of the Oromos into Gojjam, with no better results. His reign was filled with religious civil wars within the empire.
Being a very religious person himself, he paid much attention to church matters and to ways of regulating them; however, he led a series of expeditions against the Oromo, the Gumuz, and the Agaw of Matakkal.
But Oromo settlements in southern Gojjam seem to have been well established by then, with or without official royal permission.
Even more important, the Oromo settlers in these areas continued to have strong contact with their kinsmen south of the Abbay Riber. Encouraged by the early settlers, particularly the Oromos of Limmu and Amuruu, they moved north of the Abbay to settle in New Damot, Wambarima, Zigam, and other parts of southern Gojjam.''

[Integration and Peace in East Africa: A History of the Oromo Nation
By T. Etefa
Chapter 2, Oromo settlement]

[Somaliman]

When are you going back to where you came from! That's what we would like to know. You'll tell us your frigging history later on.

[Sadacha Macca]

When the Afran Qallo Oromos resisted the Egyptian invasion of Harar in 1875...

''''Now Pasha Rauf of Egypt was in lands dominated by the Oromo. These people, not the citizens of Harar, were the local obstacle to an invader. Oromos had significant numbers of cavalry, and, although armed mainly with cut and thrust weapons, were deadly opponents. Bimbashi Muhammad Muktar described them as 'dangerous warriors, capable of rapid movement'. He goes on to report on their excellent choice of battle-fields, 'the Oromo might be savages,' wrote Muktar, 'but they knew how to make good use of terrain.'

Rauf expected the most resistance from Oromo groups about Harar. Their loose confederation, Afran-Qallo (four sons of Qallu), mustered several thousand troops, most of whom took up blocking positions in the hills near Iftur and Igu. Close to Harar, these featured ravines, gullies, and other cover that allowed Oromos to quickly close with their rifle-armed enemies. For two-hours on September 25th, Afran-Qallo soldiers hurled themselves at Egyptian squares, but were driven back to the 2nd position. At Igu, the resistance increased as Orfo Jilo Biko, the Oromo commander, directed attacks on both flanks. Muhammad Rauf's skillful use of howitzer and rocket fire ended the offensive, and allowed for an Egyptian victory.

On September 20th, Harari notables met with Rauf. Among them was Ali Abu Bakr, who offered to betray his cousins, the Emir of Harar, and submit to Egyptian authority. By the 10th of October, Rauf placed his artillery on Mount Hakim, which dominates the city, and demanded its surrender. Resistance collapsed and the Khedival standard flew over Harar.''

[Khedive Ismail's Army, pages 107-108]

[Zack]

Interesting galla corner indeed

So when are u going back to Madagscar

Dr Zackovich

[Sadacha Macca]

''The Oromo region, which stretches across Ethiopia began to loom large in relation to a much smaller Tigray in
the north and other regions adjacent to it. The Oromo nationalists' map even includes parts of the Tigrayan region - the Rayya-Azabo areas. The relative richness of the Oromo area as well as the population size of the Oromo people gave added importance and real assets, which the Oromo elite used in their mass mobilization drive.
The third major external factor was the triumph of the Eritrean and
Tigrayan nationalists. Especially, the independence of the former has had a reverberating effect both on the rising tide of Oromo nationalism as well as on the elite aspiring to lead it. In fact, the success of Eritrea and Tigray - the Oromo population is, at least, more than six times larger than each of them -has created a rising expectation among the Oromo people and its elite, a
temptation very difficult to resist. The birth of independent states such as Ukraine on the ruins of the disintegrated Soviet Union and other countries
of Eastern Europe have further heightened expectations among the Oromo elite fighting for an independent Oromia republic.
The universal awakening of the Oromos immediately led to two things: the frustration and impatience of the TPLF leaders, who hoped to easily
tame and control Oromo nationalism through the OPDO, which has never been anywhere near to capturing Oromo nationalism, and the OLF leaders, who were overwhelmed by the rising tide of Oromo nationalism and had no
strong structure in place to control and lead it towards the desired goals.
Consequently, confrontation between the TPLF- dominated TGE and the OLF almost led the country to the brink of yet another civil war. The mediation of the Eritreans, who were then more supportive of the TPLF
designs and the donors did help very little to avert the looming
confrontation. The 1992 regional elections further hastened the looming confrontation.
Following the proclamation of the regionalization policy of 1992,
which was based on Article Thirteen of the Charter, the elections of the regional and local councils were scheduled for June 1992. To ensure the fairness of the process, a large contingent of international observers were
invited and allowed to be stationed wherever they wanted to be. However, the much-publicized elections, the first acid test for the TPLF sponsored democratization, were doomed to fail from the beginning. First, all of the multi-ethnic political groups, which had long years of experience were ruled out of the game from the start. Secondly, the newly created major
political groups, such as Southern Ethiopian Peoples’ Democratic Union(SEPDU), All Amhara People’s Organization (AAPO) were maneuvered out. Thirdly, and more importantly, the thin rope that tied the OLF to the TPLF-dominated TGE broke as distrust and mutual suspicion reached their climax.
Consequently, the OLF, which was the major contender of power,
was forced to withdraw from contesting the elections and subsequently from the T.G.E. itself. This made the elections totally an EPRDF affair
What happened was that the TPLF, whose central objective was to consolidate power, had become less worried about the international legitimacy than in 1991, thought it was time to cut the OLF down to size, while the OLF thought losing the elections in an unfair political game was a costly political venture in the eyes of its supporters. In other words, the stake was too high for both actors. For the former, it was the question of handing over the Oromo region, which is the country’s largest administrative unit that houses its single largest population, and above all,its storehouse in terms of resources. For the latter, to accept willingly the dominance of a minority over Oromo areas is to commit political suicide.
At any rate, the forced withdrawal of the OLF and the other independent Oromo and non-Oromo organizations in the 1992 elections had the effect of heralding a death blow both to the democratization of the Ethiopian state and the decentralization of policy thereof. What has emerged is a one-party
rule.
The forcing out of the OLF from the legal political process and the
continued foundering of the Ethiopian democratization, have led the Oromos to a new type of political and economic marginalization. The OPDO, true to its creation by the TPLF itself, could not move beyond the structural limits and opportunities given to it by its creators, and hence has
become an instrument of indirect rule, a classic case of controlling the fate and resources of other peoples. As the OPDO appears to lack both the
legitimacy to represent the Oromo people and the educational skill to run a transparent and accountable administration, there are a lot of compounded
problems in the Oromo areas. As a result, human rights violations have been high, elections were seriously flawed, and economic development
seems to be lagging in Oromo areas, in light of their potential for
development and contribution to the national treasury.
Yet another serious problem in the Oromo areas is the drought, which formerly mostly affected the northern parts of the country. Most areas, which used to be affluent in the Oromo region, have now become prone to drought. The central government seems to be slow to respond and, when it responds, applies a political criterion in the distribution of national and
international aid. Like the supply of fertilizers, food aid to the needy has been politicized and there are alarming reports in the independent press that peasants known to have supported the opposition or voted for the
opposition have become targets of the angry government cadres who are obstructing external food aid to the hungry.10 The health-care system seems to be deteriorating in the Oromo areas, as elsewhere. Two years ago many Oromo peasants lost their lives to malaria within a few kilometers of Addis Ababa at a point in time when the country's Minister of Health was himself an Oromo, which has further exposed the OPDO officials disregard, if not
powerlessness, to promote the interest of the very people they claim to represent.
After the local and regional elections of June 1992, several national and regional elections were held in 1994, 1995, 2000 and 2001. The 1994 elections were for a Constituent Assembly, whose role was limited to the rubber-stamping of the TPLF authored National Constitution. The 1995 elections were to bring to a close the long-delayed transition period and to
manufacture public support and legitimacy for the new regime through “popular” elections as promised in the 1991 Charter. The 2000 national and regional elections and the local elections that followed in 2001 were all aimed at further consolidation of power by the TPLF/EPRDF.''

[Naga Tuma]

As I read random stuff on Oromo and Ethio history in general, I'll be posting excerpts here:

''Abbaa Gandaa: This term is derived from the Oromo words ''Abbaa'' or father and ''Gandaa'' or ''village, community, neighborhood, vicinity.''
Each of the five Gibe Oromo kingdoms was ruled by a king who was assisted by a ''council of state.'' For administrative, judicial and military purposes each state was divided into provinces headed by a governor or ''Abbaa Qorro'' [father of the district]; the provinces in turn were divided into 5 to 10 districts, Gandaa, each with it's own Abba who was responsible for day to day administration and ensuring that the ''social pyramid was maintained by the labor and produce of the population.'' Under the Abbaa Gandaa, but appointed by different criteria with a certain degree of independence, were Abba Funo or father(s) of the cords, who acted both as restraining middlemen and collectors of the salt tax and other tributes.''
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C: Pages 13-14.

Do you have a sketch of “Oromo” history from the time of Moses to the introduction of Christianity in Ethiopia?

Do you have a sketch of “Oromo” history from the time of Abay Babo fleeing to Borana to the time of Gragn?

Do you happen to know from where Dr. Alemayehu Birru of Horro Guduru got the idea that Fasiledes that you post to have fought in Guduru was “Oromo?”

[Dark Energy]

Sadacha,

As long as the Oromos stay out of Eritrean affairs, I have no problem with the Oromo nation. Seek independence or become the leading arm of Ethiopia, it is your own business. But, idiots like the one who calls himself Ethiopian and defend the lie cross the lines and bring unnecessary friction toward the Oromos.

[Somaliman]

Sadacha,

As long as the Oromos stay out of Eritrean affairs, I have no problem with the Oromo nation. Seek independence or become the leading arm of Ethiopia, it is your own business. But, idiots like the one who calls himself Ethiopian and defend the lie cross the lines and bring unnecessary friction toward the Oromos.

Ages ago, your concern was Amhara, lately, it was Tigrayan, and nowadays, it has become Galla!

As long as you're distinguishing Ethiopians along their fuc'king ethnic lines, you're far from keeping Ethiopian friction with you at bay.

We Somalis do not distinguish between them following their ethnic background. For us, they're all the same fuc'kers.

For instance, when Eritreans were fighting and spilling their blood for their independence, did you see an Amhara or Galla, including those abroad, protesting even with a pen against the action of Ethiopia?

When Ethiopia was misleading the West and selling them that Eritrea was supporting Al Shabab and, in result, Eritrea was sanctioned and demonised, did you see an Amhara or Galla, including those abroad, protesting even with a pen against the action of Ethiopia?

[Sadacha Macca]

'A broad coalition led by the Yajju Oromo noble Ras Marye Gugsa, however, invaded Tigray in 1831 and defeated the Tigrayan leader Ras Sabagadis--ironically, perhaps, using Oromo cavalry whose predations across Tigray lingered long in the memory--whereupon Ras Wube was placed in charge. Wube succeeded in achieving some degree of unity, not least by co-opting the family of the executed sabagadis, and dominated northern politics for two decades.''

[Frontiers of Violence in North-East Africa: Genealogies of Conflict Since C.1800, page 67]

''Sabagadis and his sons led an army against the allied forces led by the Yejju Oromos, and the battle took place at Mai-Islami, near Debra Abbaye, on the north bank of the tekezze river. At first, the people of tigre were victorious, and the brave young hagos slew ras marie himself, in single combat. But hagos was killed by the oromos, his sorrowing father lost heart, and the tigre army dispersed. Sabagadis was taken prisoner, and speared to death by his enraged enemies.''

[Macmillan's Magazine, Volume 18, page 90]

''After the Oromos had killed Sabagadis, Dori, brother of Mariam, led them in a body to Axum, pillaging and destroying the villages. On his arrival at Axum, Ras Dori of the Oromos was taken unwell, and knowing that to instigate the formation of parties in the interior, reports of his death would soon be carried thither, he saw the necessity of his return to the Amhara country.''

[Journal of Three Years' Residence in Abyssinia, page 396]

[Deqi-Arawit]

The Galla learned to cover their private part after they were discovered by the tere sega eaters amhara, hence to claim that Galla were cohesive society which could threatened empires is just bogus...... Galla are beta male and they are like sloth to understand events that is also why before they were liberated due the struggle which was waged by Eritreans, they couldn't even liberate a single Kebele or county.

[Sadacha Macca]

''The Yaaku were the earliest group of Eastern Cushites to come to Kenya. The Yaaku (also called the Mokokodo) began to move south about 1,000 years ago. After the Yaaku, other Cushitic groups such as the Somali and the Oromo came from Southern Ethiopia. When the Somali arrived from the north, the Bantu peoples were trying to expand from the southwest, but the Somalis defeated them.
In the 16th century the Oromo pushed the SOmalis out of the area. It is thought that the Somali split into three smaller groups at that time. One of the groups moved north and inland. This group perhaps became the Rendille, the Gabbra, and the Sakuye peoples. The Rendille continued to speak the Somali Cushite language, while the other two peoples adopted the Oromo language. Today some clans of the Rendille say that they were originally Somali, and some use Somali brands on their camels.
Ethnographers are not sure, however, that this is the true origin of the Rendille. Some historians think that camels were brought to East Africa by Arabs about a 1,000 years ago. Others say that the Rendille were already herding camels in Kenya before the Arabs brought their animals.

[Rendille, by Ronald G. Parris, page 14]


(deqi arrr with no wit, if you ''liberated us,'' then go ''liberate eritrea'' from the dictator that you cry to us ethiopians about 24-7, instead of complaining like a punk to other men)

[Dark Energy]

Somali man,

I don’t believe that all genuine Somalis think the same way. I don’t see all Ethiopians as villains. Actually, for the most part of Eritrean struggle, Oromos were not vocal against Eritrean struggle for independence. I don’t hate any single nationality as an entity in Ethiopia. I don’t hate Tigrayans at all. Politicians can play chess at the expense of their own people’s interest. I am a thinking man. I don’t fall for that. BTW, you don’t represent all Somalis. Zack and Hawaiian beat you already.

[Somaliman]

Somali man,

I don’t believe that all genuine Somalis think the same way. I don’t see all Ethiopians as villains. Actually, for the most part of Eritrean struggle, Oromos were not vocal against Eritrean struggle for independence. I don’t hate any single nationality as an entity in Ethiopia. I don’t hate Tigrayans at all. Politicians can play chess at the expense of their own people’s interest. I am a thinking man. I don’t fall for that. BTW, you don’t represent all Somalis. Zack and Hawaiian beat you already.

Zack and Hawaiian beat you already.

FYI, although they're Somali, they're both from Ethiopia. Somalis from Ethiopia don't automatically have the same views as those like me who are from Somalia.

What do you mean by this, anyway?

I don't hate anyone. Neither have I said that you should hate anyone.

[Zack]

Dark Energy is not telling the truth again i dont know if he just likes to be political correct during the hey days of Mengistu haile mariam and he was leading the onslaught against The Eritreans in Massawa the bulk of the Army were gallas to be honest and also Amharas. Who was Merid Negussie a galla General who was doing the fight against the EPLF . FAST MOVE foward 2000 when meles was waging war against Eritrea for badme who were in the army Gallas again. U cant say gallas are innocent.

i do agree here with Somaliman the day u stop making any sort of distinction between gallas amhara agames and so on and gurage is the day u will win against Ethiopia. For years the Eritreans were crying for the gallas and amharas , because of the agame opression of those 2 . now the gallas in power the gallas are making threats against Eritrea. Soon the Amharas will also make threats u know just because now they are in a underdog position they cant talk , they want to seduce the Asmara dictator to support them but wedi afom is a smart man his entire adult life he was fighting a combined force of Amhara and galla. so he will not entertain that one bit.




Dr Zackovich

[Somaliman]

Dark Energy is not telling the truth again i dont know if he just likes to be political correct during the hey days of Mengistu haile mariam and he was leading the onslaught against The Eritreans in Massawa the bulk of the Army were gallas to be honest and also Amharas. Who was Merid Negussie a galla General who was doing the fight against the EPLF . FAST MOVE foward 2000 when meles was waging war against Eritrea for badme who were in the army Gallas again. U cant say gallas are innocent.

i do agree here with Somaliman the day u stop making any sort of distinction between gallas amhara agames and so on and gurage is the day u will win against Ethiopia. For years the Eritreans were crying for the gallas and amharas , because of the agame opression of those 2 . now the gallas in power the gallas are making threats against Eritrea. Soon the Amharas will also make threats u know just because now they are in a underdog position they cant talk , they want to seduce the Asmara dictator to support them but wedi afom is a smart man his entire adult life he was fighting a combined force of Amhara and galla. so he will not entertain that one bit.




Dr Zackovich

Spot on, bro.

Those Ethiopians who invaded Somalia upon the orders and financial backup of the US, were in their vast majority Amhara and Galla, yet the lowlife idiot pigeon, Fiyameta who also goes by Abdisa, posted not long ago an old article I think from the New York Post, on the atrocities committed by the ragtag Ethiopian army at the time. He deleted the word Ethiopian and replaced it with TPLF with his stupid childish photoshop play.

We don't fuc'king deal with Ethiopians along their fuc'king ethnic lines but as a country. The average Somali doesn't know what's TPLF or Tigray to date. And when Ethiopia was invading Somalia on the American orders, over 90% of Somalis, including the educated ones, didn't know what the fuc'k were TPLF or Tigray, as Somalis from Somalia call all Ethiopians raw meat eating Amhara and don't bother about Ethiopia's fake history.

Dark energy is an amiche, probably with an Amhara or Galla parent, who's lost and confused between being Ethiopian and Eritrean and thinks is more Ethiopian than Eritrean.

[Sadacha Macca]

''The most important of the other races that occupy this portion of Africa is the Galla/Oromo. These Oromos have, at different periods, for some 100 years past, seized uon the most fertile provinces of the ancient empire of Abyssinia, and have spread themselves from the red sea and the blue nile to the equator. They are divided into numerous tribes, having the 1 common characteristic of being undaunted horsemen. So strong is this propensity, that the tribe of Azebu Gallas, who occupy a territory between teegray and the red sea, purchase horses from the colder provinces of warrahaimano and wallo, and mount 10,000 horse, in a district unfavorable to the existence of the animal, and where it is never bred.
Could these tribes, 50 or 60 in number, unite, nothing could withstand their numbers and impetuosity, and they would trample under foot, like a Scythian host, all the land as far as Khartoum; but, occupied as they are by intestine wars, there is little probablity of such a torrent, unless a chief should arise amongst them like Mohammed Gran, that famous warrior, who led the armies of Adal, renowned for strength and swiftness of foot, even to the vicinity of Gondar; and would, 350 years since, have extinguished the Abyssinian name and faith, but for the timely succour of Portuguese kill and valour.''
[Abyssinia and Its People; or, Life in the Land of Prester John, Pages 196-198; published in 1868]



(lol @ the agame troll eden aka zack aka abyssinialady aka somaliman still trying to pretend to be somalis, despite no one in their right mind believing it, except for the multiple other accounts/personalities that they've created on this forum )

[Agazi General]

HAHA SILLY GALLA, U THINK ZAT Z NORTHERN AGAMES OF MEREB MILLASH WILL EVA TEAM UP WITH Z GULLIBLE, TRAITOR GALLAZ AGAIN? HA, NEVA ZAT! ZEY R KINS WIT UZ, ME, AND MY BOSS EDEN AND HER 10 OTHER ACCOUNTS SUCH AS: ZACK, ABYSSINIA LADY, SOMALIMAN, SARCASM, AND ETC. ZEY R DESTINE 2 BE WIZ AS IN Z FUTURE, IT MAY TAKE TIEM, AFTER Z STUBBORN YET INGENIUS STRATEGIST TEMBIEN AGAZIAN KING ISAIAS GOES. BUT IT IZ UNAVOIDABLE. IT IS BETTER 4 U 2 TRY TO ADVOKATE 4 GALLA AND SIDAMA PEACE, OR GALLA AND Z LISTRO GURAGAYZZZZZ PEACE, AND AMHARU AND GALLA PEACE. BUT ZE NORTHERN AGAZIANS AGAMES OF KEBEZZA? ZEY R OUR PPL, NEVA URS. ZEY REMEMBER Z GALLA DERG AND Z AMHARU DERG ZAT DEVASTATE ZEM, AS OUR AGAZIAN AGAME AGENT-AUTHORS ABOVE SAID CLEARLY.

[Dark Energy]

Somali man aka Agame man,

I don’t hate you being deceitful Agame. I am Asmara bred Eritrean.If the government in Asmara just give lip service to Ethiopia or just ignore the idiotic Ethiopian leaders and surrender power to the people’s will, I wouldn’t be here conversing with deceitful Agames pretending to be Somalis like you. Like I said, I don’t hate Tigrayans. Actually, the Tigrayans , being a minority in Ethiopia, I sympathize with them. You see, I am on your side all along.