Mereja.Forum

[EthioRedSea]

Every Tigrgina speaker should learn standard Tigrigna, which is spoken Emperor Yohnnes and all the kings from Tigray before him. We need to develop the Royal Tigrigna language to be a world wide language. Amen with this!

[EthioRedSea]

[EthioRedSea]

The singer uses the Tigrigna language in a very natural way with an ease rarely seen in other languages like English or French.

[TesfaNews]

[EthioRedSea]

The Raya Tigrigna is similar to the Royal Tigrigna or standard Tigrigna. Contrary to what Amhara tribalists state, Raya people do not use Amharic words when they speak Tigrigna. In the rural areas, the population speaks Tigrigna that is close to standard Tigrigna as the follwoing video shows:

[Noble Amhara]

The Raya Tigrigna is similar to the Royal Tigrigna or standard Tigrigna. Contrary to what Amhara tribalists state, Raya people do not use Amharic words when they speak Tigrigna. In the rural areas, the population speaks Tigrigna that is close to standard Tigrigna as the follwoing video shows:

Good Evening

EthioRedFamine u don’t know “Raya” spans from Enderta/Wejerat near Mekele all Z way 2 AmbaGeshan, Ambassel. The border between Amhara and Tigray is Mehoni/Maychew. Z song is Enderta Tigrigna in fact all so called Tigrayan Rayans r Endertans who call themselves Wajerat they live in Maychew 2 Hintalo with Wollo Culture while Amharas live south of Maychew all z way to Ambassel is Amhara Raya/Angot. I hope that solves your problem

[EthioRedSea]

Tigrigna from Adwa/Aksum is also similar to Royal Tigrigna if spoken by Tigrayans. Eritreans living in Adwa speak a different Tigrigna ( intonation and use of vocabulary/grammar is simply unatural and wrong).

[EthioRedSea]

Music from Raya, Tigray Reginal State in Royal Tigrigna

[TesfaNews]

Tigrigna from Adwa/Aksum is also similar to Royal Tigrigna if spoken by Tigrayans. Eritreans living in Adwa speak a different Tigrigna ( intonation and use of vocabulary/grammar is simply unatural and wrong).

[EthioRedSea]

Music in Royal Tigrigna from Aksum and Adwa area

[Misraq]

Tigray contributed only one king i.e atse yohannes. So in what calculation are you saying "tigray kings" ?

[Abe Abraham]

I wonder where Mengesha Reda'i is now !!

[Zmeselo]

The Origin and Development of Tigrinya Language Publications (1886 - 1991) Volume One

Abraham Negash, Santa Clara University Dissertation

https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/library/131/

Publication Date: 2016

Abstract

Tigrinya is a Semitic language spoken in Eritrea and in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia. Tigrinya is one of the nine languages in Eritrea. It was one of Eritrea's official languages (along with Arabic) during the short-lived federation with Ethiopia (1952-1962). When Ethiopia officially annexed Eritrea in 1962, Amharic also formally replaced Tigrinya and Arabic; and was established as an official language by the imperial government of Ethiopia. In 1993, when Eritrea officially declared its independence through referendum. Tigrinya regained its status as a working language.

Tigrinya has its own alphabet of 32 letters adopted from Ge'ez, a language which exists with a very limited function within the Coptic Orthodox and Catholic Churches. Like English, Tigrinya is written from left to right. Although the Tigrinya script might look difficult, pronunciation is simple and straightforward, as the phonetic symbols closely resemble pronunciation.

The earliest written example of Tigrinya is a text of local customary laws, dating back to the 13th century. It was found in the district of Logo Sarda, Akele Guzai in Eritrea. The first literary text in Tigrinya was published in Europe. In 1895 Feseha Giyorgis, a scholar who was studying Italian and Latin and taught Tigrinya in Naples, published a pamphlet in Rome giving an account of his journey to Italy five years earlier. He was very conscious of his trailblazing role as "the father of Tigrinya literature." In his foreword to the work he wrote that

our main drive has been to furnish those who yearn to learn Tigrinya with material for exercise.

The content of the pamphlet indicates that his 3 primary audience, however, was the educated elite of his home country, as it focuses on the author's impressions of the exotic country to which he had travelled.

The first work published in Tigrinya was a translation of the Four Gospels by Dabtera Matewos. It was written in the 1830s and was published in 1866 by Isenberg, in Basle, Switzerland. The Tigrinya title is ወንጌል ቅዱስ ናይ ጎይታና ናይ ምድሓኒናን የሱስ ክርስቶስ. This work is of major significance, because it marks the first appearance of the Tigrinya language in book form as well as in a full Ge’ez script.

European missionaries were responsible for a stream of publications from the 1890s onwards, including the first Tigrinya language newspaper in 1909, but that it did not last long. During the British Military Administration in 1941-1952, Ministry of Information of the administration published a weekly newspaper in Tigrinya. At that time, a single newspaper would cost about 5 cents; the number of copies of the newspaper sold per week would reach up to 5,000. At that time, it was reported to be the first of its kind.

There is no standard bibliography of Tigrinya publications. In an effort to address this gap, I have prepared what I think is the first annotated bibliography in two volumes. I hope that this publication will provide a summary and evaluation of books written in Tigrinya that I have been able to locate and analyze. It is also my belief, that this work will be of great use to researchers and future generations and will enhance the development of Tigrinya language and literature.

In compiling this work, I have traveled extensively and conducted research in libraries and archives in Asmara, Addis Ababa, Sweden, and Italy. I also interviewed and consulted with knowledgeable individuals, about early publications. After collecting bibliographic information for over 760 publications, I arranged individual records in alphabetical order by author, followed by title, place and date of publication, and number of pages.

During the process of my work I have come to realize the following facts:

1. Books written in Tigrinya are far more numerous, than many people realize.

2. Because of the large number of discovered publications, a published bibliography would be of great importance to researchers.

3. Most books published in Tigrinya have incomplete information, regarding dates and places of publication.

The bibliography presented here, is the first one of its kind. It does not, however, claim to be comprehensive. I would be very pleased if this book stimulates and encourages other researchers to make additional entries.

After 1991, the number of books published in Tigrinya has increased tremendously. Volume one of this work includes, all publications before 1991. And Volume Two will include all the works published, since 1991.

Recommended Citation

* Negash, Abraham, "The Origin and Development of Tigrinya Language Publications (1886 - 1991) Volume One" (2016). Staff publications, research, and presentations. 131.
https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/library/131

[EthioRedSea]

The Origin and Development of Tigrinya Language Publications (1886 - 1991) Volume One

Abraham Negash, Santa Clara University Dissertation

https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/library/131/

Publication Date: 2016

Abstract

Tigrinya is a Semitic language spoken in Eritrea and in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia. Tigrinya is one of the nine languages in Eritrea. It was one of Eritrea's official languages (along with Arabic) during the short-lived federation with Ethiopia (1952-1962). When Ethiopia officially annexed Eritrea in 1962, Amharic also formally replaced Tigrinya and Arabic; and was established as an official language by the imperial government of Ethiopia. In 1993, when Eritrea officially declared its independence through referendum. Tigrinya regained its status as a working language.

Tigrinya has its own alphabet of 32 letters adopted from Ge'ez, a language which exists with a very limited function within the Coptic Orthodox and Catholic Churches. Like English, Tigrinya is written from left to right. Although the Tigrinya script might look difficult, pronunciation is simple and straightforward, as the phonetic symbols closely resemble pronunciation.

The earliest written example of Tigrinya is a text of local customary laws, dating back to the 13th century. It was found in the district of Logo Sarda, Akele Guzai in Eritrea. The first literary text in Tigrinya was published in Europe. In 1895 Feseha Giyorgis, a scholar who was studying Italian and Latin and taught Tigrinya in Naples, published a pamphlet in Rome giving an account of his journey to Italy five years earlier. He was very conscious of his trailblazing role as "the father of Tigrinya literature." In his foreword to the work he wrote that

our main drive has been to furnish those who yearn to learn Tigrinya with material for exercise.

The content of the pamphlet indicates that his 3 primary audience, however, was the educated elite of his home country, as it focuses on the author's impressions of the exotic country to which he had travelled.

The first work published in Tigrinya was a translation of the Four Gospels by Dabtera Matewos. It was written in the 1830s and was published in 1866 by Isenberg, in Basle, Switzerland. The Tigrinya title is ወንጌል ቅዱስ ናይ ጎይታና ናይ ምድሓኒናን የሱስ ክርስቶስ. This work is of major significance, because it marks the first appearance of the Tigrinya language in book form as well as in a full Ge’ez script.

European missionaries were responsible for a stream of publications from the 1890s onwards, including the first Tigrinya language newspaper in 1909, but that it did not last long. During the British Military Administration in 1941-1952, Ministry of Information of the administration published a weekly newspaper in Tigrinya. At that time, a single newspaper would cost about 5 cents; the number of copies of the newspaper sold per week would reach up to 5,000. At that time, it was reported to be the first of its kind.

There is no standard bibliography of Tigrinya publications. In an effort to address this gap, I have prepared what I think is the first annotated bibliography in two volumes. I hope that this publication will provide a summary and evaluation of books written in Tigrinya that I have been able to locate and analyze. It is also my belief, that this work will be of great use to researchers and future generations and will enhance the development of Tigrinya language and literature.

In compiling this work, I have traveled extensively and conducted research in libraries and archives in Asmara, Addis Ababa, Sweden, and Italy. I also interviewed and consulted with knowledgeable individuals, about early publications. After collecting bibliographic information for over 760 publications, I arranged individual records in alphabetical order by author, followed by title, place and date of publication, and number of pages.

During the process of my work I have come to realize the following facts:

1. Books written in Tigrinya are far more numerous, than many people realize.

2. Because of the large number of discovered publications, a published bibliography would be of great importance to researchers.

3. Most books published in Tigrinya have incomplete information, regarding dates and places of publication.

The bibliography presented here, is the first one of its kind. It does not, however, claim to be comprehensive. I would be very pleased if this book stimulates and encourages other researchers to make additional entries.

After 1991, the number of books published in Tigrinya has increased tremendously. Volume one of this work includes, all publications before 1991. And Volume Two will include all the works published, since 1991.

Recommended Citation

* Negash, Abraham, "The Origin and Development of Tigrinya Language Publications (1886 - 1991) Volume One" (2016). Staff publications, research, and presentations. 131.
https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/library/131

This is a wrong study and a wrong research. Mekelle University has other findings. Tigrigna developed in Aksum and Yeha. In Agame district, Tigrigna was spoken as early as 4th Century AD. Tigrigna was widely used in Akule Guzay and Agame districts as court language. Languages cannot start in a village from a few families. They start from large communities where administration and trade are present (Aksum, Yeha, Wuqro). Languages develop as a result of interaction between organised groups ( kingdom) and the community at large. It the kingdom and the clergy, that creat or develop a language.

[EthioRedSea]

Tigray contributed only one king i.e atse yohannes. So in what calculation are you saying "tigray kings" ?

Almost all kings that ruled from Aksum are Tigrayans. Ezana,Szana, Kaleb, etc are from Tigray. From 14th Century on wards, there were mixed Amhara and Tigrayan kings. The Agew kings came to the scene after the fall of Aksum in 10th century Christ Era. They ruled for 300 years as is know as ZeAgwe Dynasty. ZeAgew are Bantu immigrants from Central and West Africa too. The Amhara manged to seize power around 16th Century in Gonder and Shoa.

[Abe Abraham]

The Origin and Development of Tigrinya Language Publications (1886 - 1991) Volume One

Abraham Negash, Santa Clara University Dissertation

https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/library/131/

Publication Date: 2016

Abstract

Tigrinya is a Semitic language spoken in Eritrea and in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia. Tigrinya is one of the nine languages in Eritrea. It was one of Eritrea's official languages (along with Arabic) during the short-lived federation with Ethiopia (1952-1962). When Ethiopia officially annexed Eritrea in 1962, Amharic also formally replaced Tigrinya and Arabic; and was established as an official language by the imperial government of Ethiopia. In 1993, when Eritrea officially declared its independence through referendum. Tigrinya regained its status as a working language.

Tigrinya has its own alphabet of 32 letters adopted from Ge'ez, a language which exists with a very limited function within the Coptic Orthodox and Catholic Churches. Like English, Tigrinya is written from left to right. Although the Tigrinya script might look difficult, pronunciation is simple and straightforward, as the phonetic symbols closely resemble pronunciation.

The earliest written example of Tigrinya is a text of local customary laws, dating back to the 13th century. It was found in the district of Logo Sarda, Akele Guzai in Eritrea. The first literary text in Tigrinya was published in Europe. In 1895 Feseha Giyorgis, a scholar who was studying Italian and Latin and taught Tigrinya in Naples, published a pamphlet in Rome giving an account of his journey to Italy five years earlier. He was very conscious of his trailblazing role as "the father of Tigrinya literature." In his foreword to the work he wrote that

our main drive has been to furnish those who yearn to learn Tigrinya with material for exercise.

The content of the pamphlet indicates that his 3 primary audience, however, was the educated elite of his home country, as it focuses on the author's impressions of the exotic country to which he had travelled.

The first work published in Tigrinya was a translation of the Four Gospels by Dabtera Matewos. It was written in the 1830s and was published in 1866 by Isenberg, in Basle, Switzerland. The Tigrinya title is ወንጌል ቅዱስ ናይ ጎይታና ናይ ምድሓኒናን የሱስ ክርስቶስ. This work is of major significance, because it marks the first appearance of the Tigrinya language in book form as well as in a full Ge’ez script.

European missionaries were responsible for a stream of publications from the 1890s onwards, including the first Tigrinya language newspaper in 1909, but that it did not last long. During the British Military Administration in 1941-1952, Ministry of Information of the administration published a weekly newspaper in Tigrinya. At that time, a single newspaper would cost about 5 cents; the number of copies of the newspaper sold per week would reach up to 5,000. At that time, it was reported to be the first of its kind.

There is no standard bibliography of Tigrinya publications. In an effort to address this gap, I have prepared what I think is the first annotated bibliography in two volumes. I hope that this publication will provide a summary and evaluation of books written in Tigrinya that I have been able to locate and analyze. It is also my belief, that this work will be of great use to researchers and future generations and will enhance the development of Tigrinya language and literature.

In compiling this work, I have traveled extensively and conducted research in libraries and archives in Asmara, Addis Ababa, Sweden, and Italy. I also interviewed and consulted with knowledgeable individuals, about early publications. After collecting bibliographic information for over 760 publications, I arranged individual records in alphabetical order by author, followed by title, place and date of publication, and number of pages.

During the process of my work I have come to realize the following facts:

1. Books written in Tigrinya are far more numerous, than many people realize.

2. Because of the large number of discovered publications, a published bibliography would be of great importance to researchers.

3. Most books published in Tigrinya have incomplete information, regarding dates and places of publication.

The bibliography presented here, is the first one of its kind. It does not, however, claim to be comprehensive. I would be very pleased if this book stimulates and encourages other researchers to make additional entries.

After 1991, the number of books published in Tigrinya has increased tremendously. Volume one of this work includes, all publications before 1991. And Volume Two will include all the works published, since 1991.

Recommended Citation

* Negash, Abraham, "The Origin and Development of Tigrinya Language Publications (1886 - 1991) Volume One" (2016). Staff publications, research, and presentations. 131.
https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/library/131

This is a wrong study and a wrong research. Mekelle University has other findings. Tigrigna developed in Aksum and Yeha. In Agame district, Tigrigna was spoken as early as 4th Century AD. Tigrigna was widely used in Akule Guzay and Agame districts as court language. Languages cannot start in a village from a few families. They start from large communities where administration and trade are present (Aksum, Yeha, Wuqro). Languages develop as a result of interaction between organised groups ( kingdom) and the community at large. It the kingdom and the clergy, that creat or develop a language.

Most Tigrayans , including you, do not speak Tigrigna. Those who speak the language like Siye Abraha and Gebre Gebre-Sadiq do so out of their own effort. Eritrea is the home of the Tigrigna and Tigre languages. According to the VOA Tigrigna is the mother of Amharic.

Do you remember the English song which goes like this :

I say kid, you say hid
I say blaE, you say bla
I say smaE, you say sma
I say mengedi, you say menged
I say Alem, you say alem
I say Ayni, you say ayn
I say Hasot, you say haset
I say Hayli, you say hayl
I say በረኸት, you say በረሀት !!

ተጋሩ ፡ ተጋሩ
ጥራዝኩምን
ቢሮኹምን
ዕተሩ
ትግርኛ
ክትማሃሩ
ከይትድንቁሩ
ክትስልጥኑ
ደቂ-ኣራዊት ኮይንኩም
ከይትቐርዩ (ብዓጋመኛ!)
ከይትድምሰሱ
ከይትሓሩ !!

[EthioRedSea]

Hamachenawi!
You do not address that Tigrigna is the language from Tigray. Hammassen were slaves and speak Tigrigna only as taught by their Tigrayan masters. Hammassen and also the other districts of Tigray speak Tigrigna with wrong intonation and show their emotions when they speak. Unfortunately geography does not allow you to develop such skills as we in Tigray.

[Zmeselo]

Since when, have shoeshiners started owning slaves?

Your mom worked as a cheap prostitute in Eritrea, your sister as a maid. Your people waited, patiently, for 40 years to become citizens (deqi arba'a). "Kawzi-lawzi", isn't tgrgna.

Hamachenawi!
You do not address that Tigrigna is the language from Tigray. Hammassen were slaves and speak Tigrigna only as taught by their Tigrayan masters. Hammassen and also the other districts of Tigray speak Tigrigna with wrong intonation and show their emotions when they speak. Unfortunately geography does not allow you to develop such skills as we in Tigray.

[Temt]

Brothers Zmeselo and abe have presented some facts and a bunch of wishful hearsay shenanigans. The Eritrean ትግረ language is the closest to ግእዝ፡ from which it came, along with ትግርኛ and ኣማርኛ፡ Amharic being the furthest of the 3 Semitic languages. But, calling a spade "spade", the "ትግርኛ" spoken by many ኣውራጃታት ትግራይ is not pure ትግርኛ። That is why some of us call "ዓጋምኛ" for lack of better terms. The problem with ዓጋምኛ is it is incoherent, hard to decipher, and mingled with (or should I say stolen from) ኣገውኛ and/or ኣማርኛ and God knows what else. Historically Tegaru spoke more often ኣማርኛ than they did ዓጋምኛ፡ which is a Creo-type language that has been clearly stolen from ኣማርኛ።
ኣግንየዮ from ኣገኘሁት
ቸኲለ from ቸኩየ
ተናዲደ from አናደደኝ etc.

[tarik]

First of all u retard agame from cursed-land-tigray, it's not called tigrigna u idiot it's called TIGRINYA aka ትግርኛ not ትግርግኛ። Second there is no such thing called royal agame , all agames r slaves of us their masters Z ERITREANS AND AMHARAS. Third, u baztards agames don't speak tigrinya u mozerfkkkers speak agaminya. Agaminya is a mixture of amhara & oromo & stolen Eritrean Tigrinya language. So go hide somewhere and shut up moran. Z only pure tigrinya is spoken in my ERITREA u baztards came 2 Sahel and we taught ur dead leaders how 2 write and speak our Eritrean tigrinya language. Only a dead agame is a good agame.