Barentu Oromo people
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Barentoo Oromo
Regions with significant populations
Ethiopia
Languages
Oromo
Religion
Islam, Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Borana, other Oromo[1]
Barentu people, also called Barentoo or Baraytuma, are one of the two main groups of the Oromo people in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia.[2][3] They historically expanded towards east, southeast and northeast Ethiopia, while the other moiety named Borana Oromo people expanded west, northwest and southwards.[4]
Contents
1 Demography
2 Religion
3 Subgroups
4 References
Demography
Barentu Oromo people are one of the two main moiety of the Oromo people in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries, the Borana Oromo and Barentu Oromo people had differentiated from the confederation. The Barentu people thereafter expanded to the eastern regions now called Hararghe, Arsi, Wello, and northeastern Shawa. The Borana people, empowered by their Gadda political and military organization expanded in the other directions, regions now called western Shawa, Welega, Illubabor, Kaffa, Gamu Goffa, Sidamo and in the 16th-century into what is now northern Kenya regions.[4] The Borana and Barentu groups are sometimes referred to as two early era moieties of the Oromo people.[5]
Religion
The Barentu Oromo people in Arsi, Bale and Hararghe regions abandoned their traditional religions and the Gadda system of governance in the 19th century, when they were converted to Islam.[6] In eastern regions close to Somalia, about 98.5% of the Barentu people now follow Islam. They are geographically closest to the Afar people from the Afar Region, who were the two first ethnic groups to accept Islam in Africa.
Some people away from Somalia border, in the Arsi Zone and the Bale Zone follow the traditional Oromo religion which is called Aadha, whose god is Waaq. People who follow Waaqa are often from the Borana Oromo people.
Subgroups
Main article: List of Oromo subgroups and clans
According to Barentu there are two groups of Barentu clans, the authentic Oromo and assimilated foreigners. The clans labelled Humbana are originally Oromo whereas the Sarri Sidama are non Oromo in origin and consist of various assimilated group including Harari, Somali etc.[7] The Barentu consist of the following sections or subgroups, which in turn include many subdivisions:
The Wallo Oromo, who are the northernmost group, and live predominantly in the Oromia Zone of the Amhara Region, as far north as Lake Ashenge, with. whom the Raya Oromo and the Yejju Oromo are often grouped;
The Ittu Oromo, who live in the Oromia Region from the Awash River east to a drawn south of Dire Dawa;
The Karayu, who live along the Awash valley in East Shawa as well as West Hararge
The Aniya Oromo, who live south of the Ittu and west of the Erer River;
The Afran Qallo which refer to the 4 decedents of Qallo, which are:
Ala Oromo, living west of the city of Harar and the Erer River
Oborra Oromo, living between the Ittu and Ala Oromo
Babille Oromo, living east of the Erer River in the Oromia Region
Dagaa Oromo (Huumee, Nole and Jarso):
(Huumee - Mana Hiyyoo and Bursuug) who live between Laaftoo and Faafam rivers-the capital is Fuunyaan biiraa (Gursum);
Nole Oromo who live east of Dire Dawa and north of Harar;
Jarso who live in the northeastern corner of the Oromia Region;
The Arsi Oromo, who primarily live in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region as well as the Bale Zone; and
The Qallu the one of Ittu tribe, who live between the Awash River and Dire Dawa.
The Sherifa, who live between the Awash River and Dire Dawa East Hararge Babile Deder Gursum and West Hararge Gelemso
References
Sarah Tishkoff; et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (PDF). Science. 324 (5930): 1035–44. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1035T. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
Asafa Jalata (2004). State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-east Africa. Routledge. pp. 105–107. ISBN 978-0-415-34810-2.
Mohammed Hassen (2015). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: 1300-1700. Boydell & Brewer. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-84701-117-6.
Asafa Jalata (2010), Oromo Peoplehood: Historical and Cultural Overview, Sociology, University of Tennessee Press, pages 5, 11-12
Abbas Gnamo (2014). Conquest and Resistance in the Ethiopian Empire, 1880 -1974: The Case of the Arsi Oromo. BRILL Academic. pp. 77–79. ISBN 978-90-04-26548-6.
Asafa Jalata (2004). State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in North-east Africa. Routledge. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-0-415-34810-2.
Braukämper, Ulrich (1977). "Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part Ii)". Ethiopianist Notes. 1 (2): 28. JSTOR 42731322.
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Barentu, Eritrea
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Barentu
ባረንቱ
Barentu is located in EritreaBarentuBarentu
Map of Barentu in Eritrea
Coordinates: 15°07′00″N 37°36′00″E
Country Eritrea
Region Gash-Barka
Subregion Barentu
Time zone UTC+3 (EAT)
Climate BSh
Barentu (Tigrinya: ባረንቱ ) is a town in north-western Eritrea, lying south of Agordat, and is the capital of Gash-Barka Region. The town is integrated with different types of tribes: Kunama, Nara, Tigre and Tigrinya being the dominant.
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Overview
2.2 Climate
3 Economy
4 Culture
5 Education
6 Transport
7 References
8 External links
History
It was mainly inhabited by the Nilotic Kunama people and Nara people in the past. The Nara people leader Shekaray Agaba was the first to build the town Umba Arenku which it means the white water. It is located in the Gash-Barka Zone of Eritrea. Barentu is the largest town in the Gash-Barka Zone in Eritrea, lying west of Asmara. It is the capital of the Gash-Barka and home of the Nara and Kunama Ethnic groups.
Local people on a street in Barentu
The town has typically been a center of mining and agricultural activities for the area. During the Eritrean War of Independence the town was besieged. As part of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000, the then flourishing town suffered major damage but has since undergone reconstruction. Thus it now attracts settlers from all parts of the country especially from the Gash area and the Eritrean highlands. Owing to this factor the town has expanded rapidly in the last decade. This rapid expansion is also partly attributed to the Eritrean returnees from Sudan who established their home in the town after years of migration spent in Sudan.
Geography
Overview
Barentu is the administrative center of Barentu Subregion; has basic electricity services, a hospital and a clinic. The town consists of 3 administrative quarters or zobas (as they are called in tigrigna) namely zoba Fthi [ፍትሒ], Selam [ሰላም] and Biara [ቢያራ].
Nearby towns and villages include Tauda (14.8 km or 8.0 nmi), Alegada (12.8 km or 6.9 nmi), Dedda (13.3 km or 7.2 nmi), Augana (5.9 km or 3.2 nmi), Cona (10.6 km or 5.7 nmi) and Daghilo (14.4 km or 7.8 nmi), Mogolo, Kofa Arenku, Arada Tarkina and Lemesa.
Climate
Its climate is hot semi-arid (Köppen: BSh), warm during summer and cold during winter. Its climate is favorable for different types of crops, fruits, vegetables and a large variety of animals flourish in the region.
Economy
It is one of the fastest growing cities in the country. It acts as a hub for the surrounding agricultural areas, as a center for trade and exchange of commodities owing to its location in the center of the Gash Barka region.
The town is not only growing fast but it is also developing with the scale, and it have been able to provide basic services, such transport, education, health facilities and all that coupled with a fine weather. The town gets very active on the weekly market days which host farmers, traders and livestock herders who all come to the town on Thursday and Saturday from surrounding villages to sell their produce and in return purchase commodities and goods to take back home. Products which come from the villages include crops such as sorghum, millet and sesame. Live stocks such as cows, camels, sheep and goats fill the market with active sense of exchange especially when it is near the holidays.
Culture
Barentu is inhabited by the Kunama and the Nara peoples. Religiously, the city has adherents of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the Eritrean Catholic Church, and Islam, as well as practitioners of the indigenous Kunama and Nara traditional beliefs.
Traditional Kunama religion is monotheistic, with worship of the goddess Anna. The name Anna appears in many phrases of the Kunama language, such as "Annam koske" ("God exists, sees and judges"), "Anna laga" (lit. "God’s world", i.e., "the universe belongs to God"), and "Anna hedabu" ("God willing").[1]
Education
Education is supplied by a number of elementary and junior high schools, and one high school. Schools teach in Kunama, Nara, Modern Standard Arabic, Tigrinya, and English.
Transport
Transport wise Barentu is a hub that connects different parts of the country and it has asphalt roads connecting it with Asmara, Keren, Tessenei, Haikota and Agordat, dirt roads connect with smaller towns like Tokombia, and Shambuqo. Due to its location the town is busy with travellers from all over the region. Locally transport is supplied with taxis and buses which connect different parts of the town, but it seems the locals prefer to walk.
References
"Religions in Eritrea, Part 4". BadenKunama. The RKPHA. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
External links
Media related to Barentu at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 15°07′N 37°36′E
Categories: Gash-Barka RegionRegional capitals in EritreaPopulated places in Eritrea