Mereja.Forum

[Horus]

ይህን የዘር ቅራቅምቦና ክልል የተባለ የኢትዮጵያ ማፍረሺያ የጣሊያን ፕላን መጨረሻ ላይ ወደ ታሪክ ቆሻሻ መጣያ ሊወረወር ነው አሜን ዬቦ !.

[Horus]

ወያኔ የጠፈጠፈችው ቆሻሻ ቂጣ ግምቶ ከርፍቶ ሊጣል አንድ ሃሙስ ቀርቶታል!

[Horus]

ሰራተኛ ሰፈር ፒያሳ!

[Odie]

እልልል ማለቱን ረሳኸው!

ፐር ዳይምህ ትቆረጣላች አንተ አገልጋይ

[Horus]

[sesame]

Horus,

Can you explain the process of amending the constitution! Does parliament have the authority to do it?

[Horus]

Horus,

Can you explain the process of amending the constitution! Does parliament have the authority to do it?

According to the Constitution of Ethiopia (1995), **the Parliament (House of Peoples' Representatives) can initiate amendments to the Constitution, but its power to amend is limited by a strict two-tiered process**, especially for fundamental provisions. Here’s a breakdown:

### 1. **Amending Non-Fundamental Provisions**
- **Initiation**: Parliament (or the Council of Ministers) can propose amendments.
- **Approval**: Requires a **two-thirds majority vote** in the House of Peoples' Representatives.
- **No further ratification** is needed for non-fundamental provisions.

### 2. **Amending Fundamental Provisions**
Articles considered "fundamental" (e.g., federalism, human rights, separation of powers, constitutional amendment procedures) have a stricter process:
- **Parliamentary Approval**: First, a two-thirds majority in the House of Peoples' Representatives.
- **Regional Ratification**: After parliamentary approval, **all State Councils** (regional legislatures) must **individually ratify** the amendment by **simple majority votes**.
- **Timeline**: If states don’t vote within 1 year, the amendment lapses.

### Key Constitutional Articles:
- **Article 104** (Initiation of Amendments): Parliament or the Council of Ministers can propose amendments.
- **Article 105** (Ratification):
- (a) Non-fundamental provisions: Parliament’s two-thirds vote suffices.
- (b) Fundamental provisions: Requires Parliament’s two-thirds vote **plus** unanimous approval by all State Councils.

### Important Notes:
- **Fundamental Provisions**: Defined in **Article 104(2)** and include:
- Ethiopia’s identity as a federal democracy (Art. 1).
- Fundamental rights (Art. 13–44).
- The amendment procedure itself (Art. 104–105).
- **Regional Veto Power**: States can block changes to core federal principles, reflecting Ethiopia’s ethnic federalism.

### Conclusion:
Yes, Parliament **can propose and approve** constitutional amendments, but **final authority for fundamental changes rests jointly with Parliament and all regional states**. This design ensures broad consensus for altering Ethiopia’s foundational principles.

For reference: See the [FDRE Constitution (1995), Articles 104–105](https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws ... t007en.pdf).

[OPFist]

Federal Ethiopia as a Transitional Solution Toward Either Independent Oromia or Integrative Oropia

It seems that Ethiopia’s ethnic federation is now widely accepted as a transitional compromise for the historically troubled Abyssinian empire, once dominated by Amaranet/Amarigna. Transforming the empire into a union of free nations is not a bad idea. However, the pressing question remains: How stable is such an ethnically-based federal union? And more importantly, Is this union strategically beneficial to the Oromo people?

Let’s abandon the outdated notion that Oromia should separate from Ethiopia. In truth, Oromia is the stem from which others—like Amara and Tigray—may separate, not the reverse. Is it truly in the interest of the Oromo to offer peripheral regions like Somali, Amara, and Tigray the option to break away? I don’t believe so. This is why I advocate for Oropia—a geo-federated Ethiopia led by the principle of Oromummaa—which is inherently more stable than an ethnic federation.

The Oromo people should strive to foster a stable Oropia, thereby dismantling the current ethnically-fragmented federation. Specifically, the three largest regions—Amara, Somali, and Oromia—should be reorganized into smaller, more manageable federal states. I propose the following divisions:

Amara: Welqayit, North Amara (Gondar), West Amara (Gojjam), South Amara (Shoa), East Amara (Lasta)

Somali: North Somali (Issa), West Somali (Fiq), East Somali (Ogaden), South Somali (Gàrre)

Oromia: North Oromia (Wallo), West Oromia (Wallaga), South-West Oromia (Ilu-Jimma), Central Oromia (Tullama), East Oromia (Hararge), South-East Oromia (Arsi-Bale), South Oromia (Guji-Borana), and Finfinne/Shagar city

Having these as federal states within Oropia would provide a more stable and inclusive political structure. If Oropia cannot be established, then secession of these regions from Oromia is inevitable, and the Oromo will be left with a diminished Oromia rather than a unified Oropia.

Historical and Political Context

This article is based on discussions among various political groups within the former Abyssinian empire. These were sparked by an open letter written by Dr. Fikre Tolassa to Dr. Bayan Asoba, presenting a relatively new perspective on Amhara-Oromo historical relations. The letter prompted us to consider a win-win solution to the conflict between Oromo and Amhara elites—one that could foster cooperation against the current authoritarian regime.

Many readers asked me to elaborate on my concept of a “federal union as a common home,” which I first introduced in a brief response to Dr. Fikre’s letter. I am not a historian, geologist, politician, anthropologist, or ethnologist. I am simply an Oromo individual committed to understanding and advancing the Oromo cause. Let me now share the two major perspectives I’ve encountered among Oromo thinkers, along with their implications.

Two Perspectives on Oromo History and Destiny

The Historical-Renaissance Perspective
This view links the Oromo to Egypt, Cushitic civilization, and the ancient city of Meroe. It emphasizes the Oromo as the “stalk” of all Cushitic nations in Northeast Africa. According to this view, the Oromo destiny includes a pan-Cushitic or Oromo renaissance, in which even Semitized Cushitic peoples—the Habesha—are considered Oromo progeny.

The Liberation-Oriented Perspective
Genuine Oromo nationalists in this camp focus on liberation of the Oromo people, particularly from Tigrean domination. They emphasize colonial narratives and stark differences in origin—Amhara as “Semitic,” Oromo as “Cushitic.” For them, the liberation and independence of Oromia is non-negotiable.

The former is history-oriented; the latter is destiny-driven. One digs into roots and origin; the other pushes toward freedom and self-determination.

Implications for Today and Tomorrow

The historical-renaissance view promotes the concept of Oropia—a union of nations where Oromo-proper and Oromo-progeny coexist and thrive. This vision includes changing the name Ethiopia to Oropia, with Afaan Oromo as the working language.

The liberation-oriented view aligns more with the OLF (Oromo Liberation Front), advocating for complete independence of Oromia as demarcated by the OLF, through a referendum.

I believe these two perspectives are not mutually exclusive, but rather complementary. Both support the fundamental right of Oromo-proper to self-determination, and both seek an end to external domination. We can unite behind true federalism (e.g., OFC’s vision) as a transitional phase, which then allows us to choose between:

Independent Oromia (Adama)

Union of free peoples in Oropia (Finfinne)

This vision requires clear political will and courage, particularly among those Oromo who now identify more with Ethiopia than with Oromia.

From Self-Destruction to Self-Determination

Modern Oromo history suggests that our people have long been manipulated by external and internal forces—often leading to self-destruction. Abeshanized Oromos (e.g., Emperors Menelik and Haile Selassie) have historically undermined Oromo identity and resistance. Even the term Gàllà may have originated from the Arabic Qallà, meaning “those who said NO”—a testament to our ancestors’ refusal to convert or conform.

The key question now is: How do we, as Oromo-proper, achieve liberation from the “ignorantly arrogant” Habesha elites?

Let’s be clear: Oromummaa is not about blood or language alone. It is a psychological and political identity. An Oromo with true Oromummaa supports Oromo interests, speaks Afaan Oromo with pride, and champions Oromo culture and values.

Are the so-called Oromo progeny ready to reclaim this identity? Will they, like Dr. Fikre suggests, accept the idea of Oropia?

Conclusion: Choose Between Oropia or Independent Oromia

Regardless of historical interpretations, our priority is the future. The Oromo people must push together toward freedom and sovereignty, either through an independent Oromia or an integrated Oropia.

If Amhara and other nations truly care about national unity, they must accept a federal union renamed Oropia and led by principles of equality and justice. If not, independence is inevitable.

After all, the city they call Addis Ababa is our Finfinne, and the country they call Ethiopia is our Oromia. The choice is theirs: live with us in Oropia, or become good neighbors to an independent Oromia.

May Waaq give us the wisdom to choose the better path.

Galatooma!
Read more:https://orompia.wordpress.com/2018/06/1 ... on-amhara/

[Horus]

OPFist,
It is funny that you posted your long and irrelevant chit chat on my thread.

Let me advise you this.

As you have witnessed, nobody literally looks at your obscure and totally irrelevant scribbles let alone read it. So please keep posting your stuff on your own thread.

More, let me tell you this. Ethiopia is at the cusp of deleting the ugly, useless and stupid ethnocracy and the 35 years of waste of time and chaos.

Ethnic politics is dead and Ethiopians are coming to a conclusion to bury it for good.

Now, let repeat one eternal truth to you and stop.

Oromos will be like Ethiopia and live like other Ethiopians. Ethiopia will never, never be like Oromo. Ethiopia will forever be like Ethiopia!

Negati.

[sesame]

Horus,

From your detailed presentation, we can conclude that Abiy may propose the dissolution of Killils, but unless all the killils accept the proposal, it will only be an idea. How likely is it that Oromos or Tigrayans will willingly forego their current de facto independent status? So if Abiy proposes it, it will only be to garner support among the only constituency that finds it attractive, the Amhara region. In other words, just a propaganda ploy like the Red Sea or port issue. Ethiopia's urgent problems are the economy and lack of peace. Abiy's Prospery Party has turned into a Poverty Party. Such utter lack of empathy is inexplicable. Having ruined their lives, PP is now proposing a 15% consumption tax on Ethiopians instead of stopping wasting limited resources on fancy parks and street lamps.

[Naga Tuma]

Horus:

I haven’t read the document; I didn’t know where to find it.

Just quickly, does it have a provision for treason?

If so, could it be a document that invalidates itself both theoretically and practically?

sesame:

Do you have expertise about constitutional matters?

In my view, the U.S.’s presidential system is a corrupt construct that has been mostly delivering presidents of British descent.

So, I wonder if the parliament system or the presidential system is less prone to corruption in the long run.

[Selam/]

ቱስ ቱስ ጭልፊቱ aka ዲዲቲ

ለመሆኑ ህገ መንግስቱ ይሻሻል ስላሉ በአቶ አታቱርክ የተከሰሱት የፖለቲከኛ እስረኞቹ እነ አቶ ታዲዮስ ታንቱ፣ አቶ ክርስቲያን ታደለ፣ አቶ ዮሐንስ ቧያለው፣ ወሮ መስከረም አበራ፣ አቶ ፋኒኤል ክንፉ፣ አቶ አበበ ፍቅር፣ አቶ ተስፋለም ወልደየስ፣ ወዘተ ህገ መንግስቱ ከተሻሻለ በኋላ ክሳቸው ምን ሊሆን ነው?

ሸምቃቃ ካድሬ!

[Horus]

Horus,

From your detailed presentation, we can conclude that Abiy may propose the dissolution of Killils, but unless all the killils accept the proposal, it will only be an idea. How likely is it that Oromos or Tigrayans will willingly forego their current de facto independent status? So if Abiy proposes it, it will only be to garner support among the only constituency that finds it attractive, the Amhara region. In other words, just a propaganda ploy like the Red Sea or port issue. Ethiopia's urgent problems are the economy and lack of peace. Abiy's Prospery Party has turned into a Poverty Party. Such utter lack of empathy is inexplicable. Having ruined their lives, PP is now proposing a 15% consumption tax on Ethiopians instead of stopping wasting limited resources on fancy parks and street lamps.

sesame,
you spend so much time on Ethiopian issues and you don't even know that Ethiopia is a one party state!!! Dude, members of the parliament are pp members. Members of the killil parliaments are pp members. Ditto. Now you can do the math.

[Horus]

parliamentary and presidential are FORMS OF RULE; they are not POLITICAL SYSTEMS. Both forms of rule are run by people and people are prone to corruption (self-interest). So, there will be corruption now or in the future. period. If you don't know the difference between form of rule and a political system, here an example. Both US and UK are Democratic political systems but have different forms of rule, the former is presidential and the latter is parliamentary. China and US have different political system but both are presidential form of regime. Regime means a form of rule.

[sesame]

Horus,

You make it sound as if the Ethiopian Poverty Party is the Communist Paty of the USSR at its heydey. Grow up. We have a saying in Tigrigna "ነዳይ ናይ ልቡ ይሓልም" which loosely means what you see in your dreams is what you wish! Try to differentiate between reality and your fantasies! You are looking for a formula that will avert the impending disaster! You are not so stupid as to be impervious to the glaring signs of the disintegration of Ethiopia. You think getting rid of the ethinc enclaves will magically resolve Ethiopia's fatal divisions. Therefore, you assert what you wish will happen. Unfortunately, the ethnic genie is out of the bottle! The die is cast! There is no force that can stop the inevitable. God Have Mercy!

sesame,
you spend so much time on Ethiopian issues and you don't even know that Ethiopia is a one party state!!! Dude, members of the parliament are pp members. Members of the killil parliaments are pp members. Ditto. Now you can do the math.

[Horus]

ሲሴም
ቆሞ ቀር ኤርትራ! ለምን ስለ ምተችው ግ ን ጥ ል ተላላኪ አገር አታወራም ! በቃ ተወን ! እኛ የራስችንን ችግር ራሳችን እንጨነቅበት ! ምን ያክል እንደ ምታሳዝኑ አታውቅም !! ባፍሪካ ቀንድ ያለችው አንዲት አገር ብቻ ነች ! እሷም ኢትዮጵያ ትባላለች !!!

[Horus]

[sesame]

Horus,

Stop being an asssss. Just compare this year's proposed budget to last year's to understand that Ethiopia is now a failed state that will not be able to pay its civil-servants their monthly salaries! Yet, you keep posting images of wasted vanity projects!

[Naga Tuma]

parliamentary and presidential are FORMS OF RULE; they are not POLITICAL SYSTEMS. Both forms of rule are run by people and people are prone to corruption (self-interest). So, there will be corruption now or in the future. period. If you don't know the difference between form of rule and a political system, here an example. Both US and UK are Democratic political systems but have different forms of rule, the former is presidential and the latter is parliamentary. China and US have different political system but both are presidential form of regime. Regime means a form of rule.

In your politically educated judgment, which of the two systems is less prone to corruption in the long run?

[Horus]

parliamentary and presidential are FORMS OF RULE; they are not POLITICAL SYSTEMS. Both forms of rule are run by people and people are prone to corruption (self-interest). So, there will be corruption now or in the future. period. If you don't know the difference between form of rule and a political system, here an example. Both US and UK are Democratic political systems but have different forms of rule, the former is presidential and the latter is parliamentary. China and US have different political system but both are presidential form of regime. Regime means a form of rule.

In your politically educated judgment, which of the two systems is less prone to corruption in the long run?

The question you are trying to ask is not about corruption but level of control and authoritarianism. In a parliamentary form of rule one party can rule for a long time if it continues to get the required majority at each election. In a presidential form of rule each person votes for a single national candidate and appears more representative. But the president also hails from a party so it is still a party rule. Politics cannot be organized without a political party at all. Abiy is proposing a two term president each term being 10 years. This is wrong. The America 4 years is too short. But 20 years is too long. The term should be 6 years for Ethiopia for two terms and after 12 years of service the outgoing president should be made an honorary president as an advisor for 4 years. This would be what I will argue for when the debate begins. For now the very idea of dismantling ethnocracy in itself is a significant step forward.