Mereja.Forum

[TesfaNews]

According to Del Boca, 904 Eritrean ascaris left the Italian colonial army in one night in 1936 and joined an Ethiopian resistance led by Ras Desta operating in Yirgalem. Another group of one thousand Eritrean ascaris led by

Shumbash Andom Tesfatsion left the ranks of the Italian colonial army and joined the Ethiopian resistance in Begmender Armachiho in 1936. (I think @Nahomkgk has posted about this as well)
2. Archives of the Propaganda department of the British military administration in Eritrea also claims that close to six thousand Eritrean ascaris deserted the Italian colonial army from the Keren front alone.

3. For further reference, see Tekeste Negash, Italian Colonialism In Eritrea, 1882-1941; Fouad Makki, Eritrean between Empires: Nationalism and anti Colonial imagination

4. Thousands of people from Tigray migrated each year to Eritrea under Italian colonial rule. They enlisted voluntarily in the Italian colonial army and fought for Italy in its wars in Libya, Somalia *and* Ethiopia.
@mvreisen
distorts history to single out and demonize Eritreans

5. The small population of Eritrea could not supply the numbers of Askaris needed. [...] Mussolini's colonial administrators were forced to recruit Ethiopians [...] majority of these mercenaries came from Tigre [[Agame]], the region adjacent to Eritrea." This is from Great Power and Little Wars

[TesfaNews]

ጀነራል ዓንዶም ተስፋጽዮን (ኣዛዚ ሰራዊት ኤርትራውያን ተቓወምቲ ጥልያን (1935-40) B/General Andom Tesfazion



The late Brigadier General Andom Tesfazion was born in 1892 G.C. at Debri in the district of Anseba, Eritrea. He married Woiz. Sendek Mengistu (after his death she took a vow and became a Nun (ኢታይ). He was well be loved and respected by his many Eritrean friends on account of his wisdom and ability. His gallantry in many battles will remain a cherished memory for generations. He was for about 24 years a 'Shumbash' the highest rank for native officers in the Italian Army; he was an excellent marksman, and fairly educated in his generation. (His birthday also marks the period when Italians had firmly established a new colony which they named Eritrea, an old Greek word). In the ordinary circumstances he need not have to join the Italian military; however, his passion for the military was far greater than any administrative posts in the Italian Civil Service. He was approximately 6'4" tall, well-groomed, with a gift for putting people at their ease. While in the Italian Army he diligently studied the fascist arsenal and quickly mastered the use of all modern weaponry. Andom was apprehensive about the colonial oppression the Eritreans were suffering on their own land, at the hands of the fascist Mussolini. He knew the fascist plan and remained vigilant in their preparation to invade further inland to Ethiopia. Andom saw this as opportunity to create a united force to defeat a common enemy. Andom deserted from the Italians, taking with him 500 soldiers and their war equipment after ordered to leave Eritrean dead unburied. Soon other hundreds and thousands of soldiers followed. (it is also recalled - was a common trait among the fascist sector demeaning Eritreans and often reducing them to a 'bunch-of-flies).

At the time of his dissertation, the Italians under Mussolini invaded Ethiopia burning churches and massacring women and children in violation of international law. He and his fellow men joined the Ethiopian forces in the Tembien district, in the province of Tigray. At the head of his troops he fought the fascist army very bravely. Later, four days before the terrible Battle of Mai-Chew, he met the Emperor, awarded him the Medal of St. Trinity and a Medal of Honor for war service in recognition of his gallantry. In addition to the medals the Emperor cordially offered him a gift black cape similar to one wore by the Emperor when he addressed the League of Nations in Geneva.

At Mai-Chew Andom at the head of his troops fought the good fight, against the enemy, with all his energy and capacity. There, as on every battlefield, his favorite slogan was "Today is my birthday, it is a good day!". The Italians when confronted with a strong army they used "Yperite' a poisonous Mustard and Nerve-Gas in contravention of the Rule-of-Law and in violation of the Geneva Convention of 1925.

When the terrible battle of Mai-Chew ended Emperor Haile Selassie decided to leave the country to appeal to the League of Nations and protest against the invading Italian forces for the use of chemical warfare by land and air in contravention of the Geneva Protocol signed by all member nations including the Italian government. After the battle of Mai Chew, the last bastion to the Emperor, Andom elected to continue the fight stating "I have to fulfil my patriotic duty by fighting the fascist army till the end of my life". To avoid and minimize casualties arising from the chemicals he betook himself and the remnants of his troops to the woods and mountainous places. He quickly regrouped the soldiers; and due to failed leadership far in the North and South of Ethiopia a great number of Beghemeder Region and part of the Tigray forces fell under his command. While the Italians advanced towards the Capital City, Addis Ababa, Andom directed his forces in the opposite direction towards Eritrea and on his way attacking the convoys carrying troops and armaments. He switched tactics whenever a situation warrants into a 'Guerrilla war' ambushing the enemy convoys while they were heading towards Addis Ababa. In several successful attacks his troops took the enemy's war equipment and were used against the enemy; after many battles he arrived in Eritrea. It was his desire to attack the Italians in the very heart of his native land, but he was suddenly attacked by the enemy at Ubel-Tukul-Denghia, in Eritrea before he could carry out his plan. Being surprised he swiftly aroused his troops and took up a defensive position and fought a good fight until the Italians found themselves in difficulties. B/General Andom clearly understood, the war against common enemy, the fascist Mussolini could not be won by few heroic men available under his command.

In later years many of the surviving patriots said, "Andom asked for more troops from the nearby North and South in order to carry out his mission to enter Asmara. It was soon revealed the warlords and the chiefs in some area succumbed to the (fascist) enemy's propaganda and many gave up the fight. Indeed, bribery, favoritism, corruption and rivalry among the notables in a great variety of forms were rampant at all levels of society."
According to the book by James Dugan and Laurence Lafore, 'Days of Emperor and Clown' 1973 pp.247, "The Italians although they probably miscalculated the fragility of the empire, they were skilful in their use of terror, bribes, and threats. Terror weapons were accompanied by the subversion of local leaders."

Consequently, in the absence of central command in the South though a great majority wanted to continue the fight many faltered. The preparation and distribution of airborne propaganda by the Italians became a major operation;
it had its own effect on the morale of soldiers in some parts of the region who initially came out to fight the enemy.

The following were common remarks by former patriots who survived the war, "had the additional troops were made available per the request, it was possible we could have taken the fight in the heart of Asmara; undoubtedly fighting the enemy at close range the chance of a favorable outcome would have been greater than fighting the enemy in an open battlefield against air attack and chemical warfare".

Be it as it may, in the height of the ensuing battles he received a serious wound in the neck and was obliged to temporarily conceal himself in the bushes; for a while he suffered from his wound unable to obtain treatment. The Red Cross left their camps for their own safety as the tent hospitals were hit and the Fascist Army continued to use the prohibited poisonous 'chemical' mustard and nerve-gas. Nevertheless Andom instructed his troops to continue the fight. The troops pleaded and asked him to leave the battlefield to obtain treatment elsewhere. When it was decided he was going for medical care he delegated leadership among his forces one of whom was his son-in-law Graz. Later Colonel Ghebrekal Debessai, a man of great valor, and other great patriots like Graz. Tesfay Gebremariam, and Graz. Tekle Berhan. These are Patriots who later in life during the Haile Selassie regime held high positions in the police and the Army with the ranks of Colonel and the ranks of B/General.

(On the above photo of Andom- it is apparent the wound reveals covered with bandage wrapped around his neck. At the time he was being forced to feed himself on homemade liquid nutrients; he was asked to wear his military attire to pose for a photo at the request of foreign reporters who sneaked to the battlefield following news that Andom's troops were advancing towards Eritrea). The news angered Mussolini the fascist leader and Dictator who at the time became an ally of Hitler; according to reliable sources he fired many of his top Senior Officers.

On the journey for medical treatment he was accompanied by his younger brother Fit. Later Major Ghebrekidan Tesfazion, a valiant warrior (who was also wounded in prior fights at the battle of Mai-Chew). By the way, it is also important to note that the younger Gabrekidan was among the first who caught sight when the bullet hit Andom in the neck; he then swiftly arrived to help stop the bleeding; he played the role of a medic in the absence of trained medical personnel.

Three months later Both left for Sudan (the neighboring country) following the route of River Tekeze and the River Nile. The news spread quickly reached the enemy through hired informants that Andom was wounded; yet, the Italians feared that Andom's troops would move further into Eritrea, where their example might cause a general rising (New Times And the Ethiopia News, 1948). They sent a strong force to capture him. Unable to discover the exact location his native village was placed under guard by day and night in case he should come there. He arrived in Sudan and after completing medical treatment in less than three months he marched back across the valleys of Sudan and Eritrea and continued his fight in Wolkait and Armacheho district of Beghemeder province. According to those present, he returned fully energized; there, he met his good and trusted friend Fit. Mesfin Reda, a prominent personality in the Welkait and Armacheho Region who vigorously helped to promote the campaign; Andom was fully confident as he announced to the troops the good news and the imminence of the upcoming victory. It was around the period the Emperor was preparing to leave his place of exile 'Bath' London, U.K. and ready marching towards home through the outskirts of Sudan.

In a desperate attempt an Italian column was thereupon sent to his military base, attacked in the night, he again received a severe wound which caused his death on * May 17, 1939. Many of his troops who survived the war believed the sudden attack in the night would not have occurred without the help of hired informants. Several weeks before his death he received the rank of Dejazmatch delivered to him by a special (courier) envoy from the Emperor (Del Boca 1969:122). When the brave Andom passed away, his troops did not despair; they continued their fight on the border of Eritrea, until the final victory and the return of the Emperor. Emperor Haile Selassie left Bath on June 12, 1940 on his way to Malta for a stopover before he proceeded to Egypt and later to Sudan. The brave B/General Andom was not only a courageous wartime General; he was a born leader, well fitted to serve his country also in time of peace. The memory of B/General Andom will flow on unceasing as a river. It was bitter for him, for his troops and his family to pass without seeing the final victory - the end of the 'Battle of the Ages' as he used to call it - always confident, encouraged his troops and long before the final victory predicted that 'Justice will finally win over Injustice, Equity over Inequity'.

In time of peace while posted in Segeneyti, Eritrea, as a battalion commander, in response to the demands of the soldiers and the residents from lack of a local Orthodox Tewahedo Church he had initiated the construction with his own finance and made to be built 'St. Mary' Orthodox Tewahedo Church' for the first time in a town with an overwhelming Roman Catholic majority. He faced an uproar by the prominent leaders of the town including by some Italian officials; in the face of all opposition he had it completed; since then and until recently the church to many was known and commonly called as 'Mariam Andom' the "St. Mary of Andom". At this juncture, it would be proper and befitting to quote a former patriot, who served under his command, later became a ranking high military official in the regime of Haile Selassie (B/General Tesfay G/Mariam), the following were his remarks, " In the course of my career as a military man (after the war), like many fellow officers, I have read and reviewed all World-Wars, yet, I could only conclude and sum it up,'Andom was one of the finest wartime Generals the world has ever seen; I might add he could also pass for a Pope!"

On June 25, 1953 G.C. his remains was transported from his burial ground in Akebe-Work district ofArmacheho/Gondar by a government sponsored special plane to Asmara International AirPort. From the Airport escorted by the Vice Roy, the Chief Executive of Eritrea, government officials and thousands of people from all walks of life to the St. Mary' Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in Asmara. After the traditional overnight church service the next day it was transported to his birthplace at Debri, Anseba, Hamassien approximately 20 miles from Asmara. A permanent grave had been set up within the perimeter of the local church. A bronze made replica of him in uniform was erected upon the grave.

In 1960 the rank of Dejazmatch he received from the emperor by a special envoy prior to his death was officially replaced by a rank of B/General. In memory of his selfless sacrifice and gallantry in the battlefield a'Street' in Asmara leading to the main gate of the former US Army Base commonly known as "Kagnew Station" was dedicated and named for him as "B/General Andom Tesfazion St.

There is much untold - In the view of many former patriots who lived an active life after the victory, the following was also a common remark 'the account of the war so far written - which took five years of consistent battle-after-battle against a formidable (fascist) enemy had been grossly understated; what had so far been described and written is only a 'tip of the iceberg!'. In the early1960s an Ethiopian scholar in London while on a research program was contacted by potential directors of film and/or documentary producing enterprises to help produce a film/documentary of the war. However, for political reasons and perhaps to save embarrassment to those 'traitors in the Ethiopian hierarchy it was not encouraged by the central government and the discussion went under. B/General Andom

source from Mewael Mehansho

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ደጃዝማች መስፍን ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል

Dejazmach Mesfun Woldemichael
Was chief of the state of Eritrea Hamassien (1887-1889)

ወዶም ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሞን ኮይኖም፡ ብወርሒ ሕዳር 1875 ኣብ ውግእ ጉንደት፡ ብ20 ግንቦት 1876 ካኣ ኣብቲ ኣብ ከባቢታት ቤት መኻእን ጸጸራትን ምስ ተጋሩ ኣብ ዝተገብረ ውግእ ከም ኣዛዚ ሓደ ክፋል ሰራዊት ብምዃን እተሳተፉ ምኩር ተዋጋኣይ ነበሩ። እንተኾነ ድሕሪ'ቲ ናይ ኣስመራ ዓወቶም ብ1879 ምስ ኣቡኦም ናብ ትግራይ ከዱ'ሞ ንሶም'ውን ኣብኦም ተኣሲሮም ተረፉ። ድሕሪ ግዜ ብዝተፈትሑ ዓደይ ክኸይድ ብምባል ናብ ኤርትራ ተመልሱ። ጣልያን ብቐደሙ'ውን ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ክዋሃቦም ናብ ሃጸይ ዮሃንስ ሕቶ ኣቅሪቦም እኳ እንተነበሩ እንተኾነ ሃጸይ ዮሃንስ ኣይፈቐዱሎምን። በዚ ኢሉ በቲ ወዶም ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል (ደጃዝማች መስፍን) ጣልያን ናብ ኤርትራ ቅድሚ ምስፍሕፍሑን ኣሉላ ካኣ ድሕሪ ውግእ ዶግዓሊ ንትግራይ ብምምርሑን፡ ደጃዝማች መስፍን ወልደሚካኤል ካብ 1887 ክሳብ 1889 ንመረብ ምላሽ ከመሓድራ ክኢሎም ነበሩ።



እንተኾነ ጣልያን ቦቕሳስ ካብ 1889 ጀሚሩ ንብምሉኦም እቶም ብግዜ ምምሕዳር ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ኣዘዝቲ፡ሰራዊት፡ ኣነባበርቲ ዓድን ሹማምንትን ከምኡ'ውን መራሕቲ ሃይማኖትን ለለቒሙ ናብ ናኹራ ሓየሮም እሞ። ደጃዝማች መስፍን እውን ከም ኩሎም ኣዘዝቲ ሰራዊት ተታሕዙ። እንተኾነ ደጃዝማች መስፍን ነቲ ብ1887 ኣብ ዶግዓሊ (ተድዓሊ) ምስ ጠላይን ዝተኻየደ ውግእ ብምምራሕ ኣብ ሰራዊት ጣልያን ሰፍ ዘይብል ስዕረት ዘውረዱ ብምንባሮም፡ ጣልያን ብፍሉይ ንክእሰሩ ናብ ሮማ ለኣኾም። በዚኣ ኣትዮም ዘይተባህሉ ካኣ ኣብ ሃገረ ጣልያን ሓቒቖም ተረፉ። ካልኦት እኒ ብላታ ኣረይ ወልዱ (ቁሸት) ዝኣመሰሉ ግን ኣብ መንገዲ ብጥይት ኣቃበጾም።

ደጃዝማች መስፍን ምንኣስ ቦዅሪ ወዶም ደጃዝማች መኮንን ዝነበሩ ኮይኖም ኲናት ሰራዊት ብምምራሕን ብዝነበሮም ቅዲ ኲናትን ፍቱው እኳ እንተነበሩ፡ ብራእሲ ወልደንኪኤል (ወለንኪኤል) ኣብ ኲናትን ስትራተጂን ቀንዲ ፍቱውን እሙንን ዝነበሩ ግና ቦዅሪ ወዶም ደጃዝማች መኰነን እዮም ዝነበሩ። ደጃዝማች መኮንን ምስ ኣቡኦም ኣብ ሓያለ ኲናት እተሳተፉ ኮይኖም፡ ኣብ'ቲ ምስ ደጊያት ሃይሉ ተወልደመድህን በዓል ጸዓዘጋ ዝተቐትሉሉ ኣብ እተገብረ ውግእ 1867 ዝዓረፉ እዮም፡፡

(መጽሓፍ እምቢ ያለ ወልዱ ተወከስ) ደጃዝማች መስፍን ናይ ምህሮ ሰብ እዩ ነይሮም። ምስ ዓቢ ሓዎም ደጃዝማች መኮንን ናብ ግብጺ ብምኻድ ወተሃደራዊ ስልትን ቋንቋ ዓረብን ኣጽኒዖም ዝተመልሱ ምንባሮም ካኣ ሰነዳት ጉዕዞ ህይወቶም የነጽረልና። ንጉስ ተኽለሃይማኖት በዓል ላስታን በዛበህ ካሳ በዓል ትግራይ ኣብ 1871 ስልጣን መን ሓዘ ምስ ገጠሙ፡ ወለንኪኤል ምስ ክልተኦም ደቍ (መኰነን መስፍንን) ኣብ ጎኒ ተኽለሃይማኖት ስለ ዝነበሩ፡ በዛበህ ካሳ ምስ ተዓወተ (ሃጸይ ዮሃንስ 4ይ) ንሰለስቲኦም (ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ምስ ደቆም ደጃዝማች መኮንን መስፍንን) ንሓደ ዓመት ኣሲሮሞም ምንባሮም ካኣ በዚ ኣጋጣሚ እዚ ክንገልጾ ኣድላዪነት ዘሎዎ ኮይኑ ይስማዓኒ።



ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ንወ/ሮ ውባ፡ ደጃዝማች መኰነን፡ ደጃዝማች መስፍን፡ ወ/ሮ ለምለም፡ ወ/ሮ ደስታ፡ ወ/ሮ ለተልዑል፡ ራእሲ ሃይለመለኮት፡ ወ/ሮ ጥሩ፡ ልጅ ውበ፡ እመቤት ትብለጽን ዝተባህሉ እዮም ዝወለዱ።

"ወይዘሮ ውባ" ብድምጻዊ በረኸት መንግስትኣብ ዝተደርፈለን ኮይነን፡ ንደጃዝማች ምራጭ በዓል ሊባን ዝተመርዓዋ እየን።

"ወይዘሮ ጥሩ" እውን ንበላምበራስ ካፍል ጎፋር በዓል ደምበላስ እየን ተመርዕየን። በላምበራስ ካፍል፡ ሰራዊት ራእሲ ወልደንኪኤል ፋሕ ምስ በለን ቅድም ምስ ኣሉላ ዳሕራይ ድማ ምስ ጣልያን ክሳብ ዝካኣሎም ዝተዋደቑ ሓርበኛ እዮም ዝነበሩ።

እመቤት ትብለጽ እውን ምስቲ ተባዕ ተቓላሳይ ገግያት ንጉሰ ወዲ እልፉ (በዓል ኮዓቲት) ዝተመርዓዋ እየን።

መጠቓለሊ
ደጃዝማት መስፍን ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሶሎሞን ኣብ ሃዘጋ ሚናበ ዘራኣይ ተወሊዶም ።ከም እንደራሴ/ወራሲ ዓራት ኣብኦም ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ብምዃን ኣብኦም ኣብ ዝገሸሉ መዝነት ተቐቢሎም ምሉእ መረብ ምላሽ/ምድረ ባሕሪ/ሃገረ ሓማሴ ካብ ጫፍ ንጫፍ ብፍትሕን ርትዕን ዘገልግሉ ዝነበሮም ኮይኖም ኣብ ኲናት ተባዕ ግና ኻኣ፡ ፍርሃት እግዛእብሔር ዝነበሮምን ብህዝቢ'ውን ኣዝዮም ፍትዉ፥ ክቡርን ተባዕ ተዋጋእን ከምዝነበሩ ብኽብሪ ይዝንተወሎም።



ኣብ ጉንደት ብ16 ሕዳር 1875 ኣንጻር ወረርቲ ግብጻዉያን ኣብ ጎኒ ኣብኦም ብምዃን ብዓወት ዝተዋጸኡ ጅግና ምንባቶልሮም ካኣ ሰነዳት ታሪክ ህይወቶም ይሕብረና።

ማሰ ካብ እተባህለሎም
እዞም ወዲ ራእሲ ወዲ ማይ ፈለጋ
ዉላድ ደቀተሽም ተስፋጼን ሃዘጋ
ዉላድ ማይ ጋይላ ተከለ ዓገባ/ጸዓዘጋ
ግርማ ሞጎስ ህዝቢ፡ በዓል ፋረ ኣምበሳ
ደጊም ራእሲ'ስ ወሊዶም ዓራቶም ተዋሒሻ ",,,,,,,,,,,,ተባሂሉ ማሴኛታትን ጎራዙትን ዝድረፍሎም ዝተወደሰሎም ጅግና ወዲ ጀጋኑ'ዮም ዝነበሩ።

ኣብ ዶጎዓሊን 1887 ጉንደት ካኣ 1876 ኣንጻር ወረርቲ ጥልያንን ግብጽን ብዘርኣዩዎ ናይ ውግእ ብቕዓትን ካኣ ብዙሕ ዝተዜመሎም ጂግና ነበሩ።
ገለ ካብኡ ንምጥቃስ!

ልጅ መስፍን ወዲ ራእሲ ተወሊዱ
ጉራዴ መዚዙ ሎጒሙ ሰናድሩ
ብመንፈር ኣርግፍ ወዓሎም መካንንቶም ፈልዩ
ሕረስ ሓረስታይ ንገድ ነጋዳይ
ዓደ ኣቦኻ ኣለዋ መስፍን ወዲ ሚናበ ዘርኣይ
እናተባህለ ብጎራዙት ሓማሴን ይድረፈሎም ነበረ።

ደጃዝማች መስፍን ሽሕ'ኳ ጅግና ተዋጋኣይ እንተነበሩ፡ ፍርሓት እዝግሄር ዝነበሮም መኮንን እውን ነበሩ። ነቶም ኣብ ውግእ ኣስመራ ተሳዒሮም እተቐትሉ ራእሲ ባይሩኡ ገብረጻድቕ (ኣባ ጋላ) ዝተባህሉ ትግራዋይ ካብ ኣቡኦም ተሓቢኦም ምቕባሮም ካኣ ንዝነበሮም ልውህነት የርኢ።

እቲ ፍጻሜ ከምዚ'ዩ ኔሩ።
ራእሲ ባይሩ ገብረጻድቕ (ኣባ ጋላ) ኣሽሓት ሰራዊት ኣኽቲቶም፡ ዚኣክል ብረትን ጥይትን ሰኒቖም፡ ንራእሲ ወለደሚካኤል ክማርኹ ድሉዉ ሰራዊት ሒዞም መረብ ምላሽ ተሳጊሮም ኣብ ኣስመራ ቤት መኻእ ጸጸራት ጎቦ እንዳ ቕዱስ ሚካኤል ዓረዱ፡ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል (ጐሚዳ) ካብ ሓልሓል ሰራዊቶም ኣኽቲቶም ብወገን ምብራቕ ኣስመራ ብሰላሕታ መጺኦም ብ20ግንቦት 1876 ዓ.ም.ፈ ኣብ ቤት መኻእ ውግእ ገጠሙ። መዓት መቕዘፍትን መቝሰልትን ህድማን ዘኸተለ ውግእ ድማ ብዓወት ደጃዝማች ወልደሚካኤል ተፈጸመ፡ ኣብቲ ውግእ ድማ ራእሲ ባይሩኡ ተቐትሉ። ክሳብ ሽዑ ንደጃዝማች ሃይሉ ጸዓዘጋ ስዒሮም ማዕርግ ደጃዝማች ዝነበሮም ወልሚካኤል ካኣ በዛ ናይ ኣስመራ ውግእ ንራእሲ ባይሩ እውን ብምቕታሎም ካብ ማዕርግ ደጃዝማች ናብ ማዕርግ ራእሲ ተሰጋገሩ። ኣብቲ ኣባጋላ እተሳዕሩሉ ውግእ ድማ፡ ተራ ደጃዝማች መስፍን ወልደሚካኤል ኣዝዩ ጉሉሕ ኢዩ ኔሩ።

ድሕሪ'ቲ ደምሳሲ ውግእ፡ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል፡ ንራእሲ ባይሩኡ ገብረጻድቕን፡ ኣይተ ገብረስላሴን ዝተባህሉ ብዓል ጻዕዳ-ክርስትያን ብወግዒ ክቕበሩ ኣዘዙ። ጸኒሖም ግን ራእሲ ባይሩኡ ንደጃዝማች ወልደስላሴ ወዲ ኣይተ ዓንደሚካኤል በዓል ኮርባርያ፡ ኣብ ሓደ ኵናት ሲዒሮሞስ፡ ወዲ ተመርጻ ሓውተይ ምዃኑ ምስ ተነገሩ ከይትቐብርዎ ኢሎም ብወኻሩን ኣዛብእን ኣብሊዖ`ሞ ኢዮም እሞ ንራእሲ ባይሩኡ ገብረጻድቕ ከይትቐብርዎም፡ ወኻሩ ይጻወታሎም። ንኻልኦት ግን ብግቡእ ቅበርዎም ኢሎም ኣዘዙ። እንተዀነ ግን ደጃዝማች መስፍን ወዲ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ፍርሃት እግዚኣብሄር ዚሓዶሮም ብሊሕን ፍትሐኛን ከም ምንባሮም መጠን ብለይቲ ካብ ኣቦም ተሓቢኦም ነቲ ካብ ዚብእን ወኻሩን ዝተረፈ ኣዕጽምቲ ራእሲ ባይሩኡ ኣኻኺቦም ኦርተድክሳዊ ክርስትያናዊ ስኔ ስርዓት ኣማሊኦም ቀበርዎም።

ደጃዝማች መስፍን ብወርሒ ሰነ 1889 ናብ ጣልያን ተወሲዶም ኣብታ ደሓር ጅግና ዘርኣይ ደረስ(ኣዝማድ'ዪም) 1930ታት ተሓይሩላ ዝነበረ ደሴት ብመግዛእቲ ኢጣልያ ተወሲዶም ካኣ ዝተረፈ ህይወቶም ኣብ ጣልያን ሓለፉ።

ደጃዝማች መስፍን፡ ቋንቋታት ዓረብ፡ ትግርኛ፡ ኣምሓርኛ፡ ትግረን ግእዝን ይመልኩ ምንባሮም ይፍለጥ።

[kerenite]

ደጃዝማች መስፍን ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል

Dejazmach Mesfun Woldemichael
Was chief of the state of Eritrea Hamassien (1887-1889)

ወዶም ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሞን ኮይኖም፡ ብወርሒ ሕዳር 1875 ኣብ ውግእ ጉንደት፡ ብ20 ግንቦት 1876 ካኣ ኣብቲ ኣብ ከባቢታት ቤት መኻእን ጸጸራትን ምስ ተጋሩ ኣብ ዝተገብረ ውግእ ከም ኣዛዚ ሓደ ክፋል ሰራዊት ብምዃን እተሳተፉ ምኩር ተዋጋኣይ ነበሩ። እንተኾነ ድሕሪ'ቲ ናይ ኣስመራ ዓወቶም ብ1879 ምስ ኣቡኦም ናብ ትግራይ ከዱ'ሞ ንሶም'ውን ኣብኦም ተኣሲሮም ተረፉ። ድሕሪ ግዜ ብዝተፈትሑ ዓደይ ክኸይድ ብምባል ናብ ኤርትራ ተመልሱ። ጣልያን ብቐደሙ'ውን ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ክዋሃቦም ናብ ሃጸይ ዮሃንስ ሕቶ ኣቅሪቦም እኳ እንተነበሩ እንተኾነ ሃጸይ ዮሃንስ ኣይፈቐዱሎምን። በዚ ኢሉ በቲ ወዶም ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል (ደጃዝማች መስፍን) ጣልያን ናብ ኤርትራ ቅድሚ ምስፍሕፍሑን ኣሉላ ካኣ ድሕሪ ውግእ ዶግዓሊ ንትግራይ ብምምርሑን፡ ደጃዝማች መስፍን ወልደሚካኤል ካብ 1887 ክሳብ 1889 ንመረብ ምላሽ ከመሓድራ ክኢሎም ነበሩ።



እንተኾነ ጣልያን ቦቕሳስ ካብ 1889 ጀሚሩ ንብምሉኦም እቶም ብግዜ ምምሕዳር ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ኣዘዝቲ፡ሰራዊት፡ ኣነባበርቲ ዓድን ሹማምንትን ከምኡ'ውን መራሕቲ ሃይማኖትን ለለቒሙ ናብ ናኹራ ሓየሮም እሞ። ደጃዝማች መስፍን እውን ከም ኩሎም ኣዘዝቲ ሰራዊት ተታሕዙ። እንተኾነ ደጃዝማች መስፍን ነቲ ብ1887 ኣብ ዶግዓሊ (ተድዓሊ) ምስ ጠላይን ዝተኻየደ ውግእ ብምምራሕ ኣብ ሰራዊት ጣልያን ሰፍ ዘይብል ስዕረት ዘውረዱ ብምንባሮም፡ ጣልያን ብፍሉይ ንክእሰሩ ናብ ሮማ ለኣኾም። በዚኣ ኣትዮም ዘይተባህሉ ካኣ ኣብ ሃገረ ጣልያን ሓቒቖም ተረፉ። ካልኦት እኒ ብላታ ኣረይ ወልዱ (ቁሸት) ዝኣመሰሉ ግን ኣብ መንገዲ ብጥይት ኣቃበጾም።

ደጃዝማች መስፍን ምንኣስ ቦዅሪ ወዶም ደጃዝማች መኮንን ዝነበሩ ኮይኖም ኲናት ሰራዊት ብምምራሕን ብዝነበሮም ቅዲ ኲናትን ፍቱው እኳ እንተነበሩ፡ ብራእሲ ወልደንኪኤል (ወለንኪኤል) ኣብ ኲናትን ስትራተጂን ቀንዲ ፍቱውን እሙንን ዝነበሩ ግና ቦዅሪ ወዶም ደጃዝማች መኰነን እዮም ዝነበሩ። ደጃዝማች መኮንን ምስ ኣቡኦም ኣብ ሓያለ ኲናት እተሳተፉ ኮይኖም፡ ኣብ'ቲ ምስ ደጊያት ሃይሉ ተወልደመድህን በዓል ጸዓዘጋ ዝተቐትሉሉ ኣብ እተገብረ ውግእ 1867 ዝዓረፉ እዮም፡፡

(መጽሓፍ እምቢ ያለ ወልዱ ተወከስ) ደጃዝማች መስፍን ናይ ምህሮ ሰብ እዩ ነይሮም። ምስ ዓቢ ሓዎም ደጃዝማች መኮንን ናብ ግብጺ ብምኻድ ወተሃደራዊ ስልትን ቋንቋ ዓረብን ኣጽኒዖም ዝተመልሱ ምንባሮም ካኣ ሰነዳት ጉዕዞ ህይወቶም የነጽረልና። ንጉስ ተኽለሃይማኖት በዓል ላስታን በዛበህ ካሳ በዓል ትግራይ ኣብ 1871 ስልጣን መን ሓዘ ምስ ገጠሙ፡ ወለንኪኤል ምስ ክልተኦም ደቍ (መኰነን መስፍንን) ኣብ ጎኒ ተኽለሃይማኖት ስለ ዝነበሩ፡ በዛበህ ካሳ ምስ ተዓወተ (ሃጸይ ዮሃንስ 4ይ) ንሰለስቲኦም (ንራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ምስ ደቆም ደጃዝማች መኮንን መስፍንን) ንሓደ ዓመት ኣሲሮሞም ምንባሮም ካኣ በዚ ኣጋጣሚ እዚ ክንገልጾ ኣድላዪነት ዘሎዎ ኮይኑ ይስማዓኒ።



ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ንወ/ሮ ውባ፡ ደጃዝማች መኰነን፡ ደጃዝማች መስፍን፡ ወ/ሮ ለምለም፡ ወ/ሮ ደስታ፡ ወ/ሮ ለተልዑል፡ ራእሲ ሃይለመለኮት፡ ወ/ሮ ጥሩ፡ ልጅ ውበ፡ እመቤት ትብለጽን ዝተባህሉ እዮም ዝወለዱ።

"ወይዘሮ ውባ" ብድምጻዊ በረኸት መንግስትኣብ ዝተደርፈለን ኮይነን፡ ንደጃዝማች ምራጭ በዓል ሊባን ዝተመርዓዋ እየን።

"ወይዘሮ ጥሩ" እውን ንበላምበራስ ካፍል ጎፋር በዓል ደምበላስ እየን ተመርዕየን። በላምበራስ ካፍል፡ ሰራዊት ራእሲ ወልደንኪኤል ፋሕ ምስ በለን ቅድም ምስ ኣሉላ ዳሕራይ ድማ ምስ ጣልያን ክሳብ ዝካኣሎም ዝተዋደቑ ሓርበኛ እዮም ዝነበሩ።

እመቤት ትብለጽ እውን ምስቲ ተባዕ ተቓላሳይ ገግያት ንጉሰ ወዲ እልፉ (በዓል ኮዓቲት) ዝተመርዓዋ እየን።

መጠቓለሊ
ደጃዝማት መስፍን ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ሶሎሞን ኣብ ሃዘጋ ሚናበ ዘራኣይ ተወሊዶም ።ከም እንደራሴ/ወራሲ ዓራት ኣብኦም ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ብምዃን ኣብኦም ኣብ ዝገሸሉ መዝነት ተቐቢሎም ምሉእ መረብ ምላሽ/ምድረ ባሕሪ/ሃገረ ሓማሴ ካብ ጫፍ ንጫፍ ብፍትሕን ርትዕን ዘገልግሉ ዝነበሮም ኮይኖም ኣብ ኲናት ተባዕ ግና ኻኣ፡ ፍርሃት እግዛእብሔር ዝነበሮምን ብህዝቢ'ውን ኣዝዮም ፍትዉ፥ ክቡርን ተባዕ ተዋጋእን ከምዝነበሩ ብኽብሪ ይዝንተወሎም።



ኣብ ጉንደት ብ16 ሕዳር 1875 ኣንጻር ወረርቲ ግብጻዉያን ኣብ ጎኒ ኣብኦም ብምዃን ብዓወት ዝተዋጸኡ ጅግና ምንባቶልሮም ካኣ ሰነዳት ታሪክ ህይወቶም ይሕብረና።

ማሰ ካብ እተባህለሎም
እዞም ወዲ ራእሲ ወዲ ማይ ፈለጋ
ዉላድ ደቀተሽም ተስፋጼን ሃዘጋ
ዉላድ ማይ ጋይላ ተከለ ዓገባ/ጸዓዘጋ
ግርማ ሞጎስ ህዝቢ፡ በዓል ፋረ ኣምበሳ
ደጊም ራእሲ'ስ ወሊዶም ዓራቶም ተዋሒሻ ",,,,,,,,,,,,ተባሂሉ ማሴኛታትን ጎራዙትን ዝድረፍሎም ዝተወደሰሎም ጅግና ወዲ ጀጋኑ'ዮም ዝነበሩ።

ኣብ ዶጎዓሊን 1887 ጉንደት ካኣ 1876 ኣንጻር ወረርቲ ጥልያንን ግብጽን ብዘርኣዩዎ ናይ ውግእ ብቕዓትን ካኣ ብዙሕ ዝተዜመሎም ጂግና ነበሩ።
ገለ ካብኡ ንምጥቃስ!

ልጅ መስፍን ወዲ ራእሲ ተወሊዱ
ጉራዴ መዚዙ ሎጒሙ ሰናድሩ
ብመንፈር ኣርግፍ ወዓሎም መካንንቶም ፈልዩ
ሕረስ ሓረስታይ ንገድ ነጋዳይ
ዓደ ኣቦኻ ኣለዋ መስፍን ወዲ ሚናበ ዘርኣይ
እናተባህለ ብጎራዙት ሓማሴን ይድረፈሎም ነበረ።

ደጃዝማች መስፍን ሽሕ'ኳ ጅግና ተዋጋኣይ እንተነበሩ፡ ፍርሓት እዝግሄር ዝነበሮም መኮንን እውን ነበሩ። ነቶም ኣብ ውግእ ኣስመራ ተሳዒሮም እተቐትሉ ራእሲ ባይሩኡ ገብረጻድቕ (ኣባ ጋላ) ዝተባህሉ ትግራዋይ ካብ ኣቡኦም ተሓቢኦም ምቕባሮም ካኣ ንዝነበሮም ልውህነት የርኢ።

እቲ ፍጻሜ ከምዚ'ዩ ኔሩ።
ራእሲ ባይሩ ገብረጻድቕ (ኣባ ጋላ) ኣሽሓት ሰራዊት ኣኽቲቶም፡ ዚኣክል ብረትን ጥይትን ሰኒቖም፡ ንራእሲ ወለደሚካኤል ክማርኹ ድሉዉ ሰራዊት ሒዞም መረብ ምላሽ ተሳጊሮም ኣብ ኣስመራ ቤት መኻእ ጸጸራት ጎቦ እንዳ ቕዱስ ሚካኤል ዓረዱ፡ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል (ጐሚዳ) ካብ ሓልሓል ሰራዊቶም ኣኽቲቶም ብወገን ምብራቕ ኣስመራ ብሰላሕታ መጺኦም ብ20ግንቦት 1876 ዓ.ም.ፈ ኣብ ቤት መኻእ ውግእ ገጠሙ። መዓት መቕዘፍትን መቝሰልትን ህድማን ዘኸተለ ውግእ ድማ ብዓወት ደጃዝማች ወልደሚካኤል ተፈጸመ፡ ኣብቲ ውግእ ድማ ራእሲ ባይሩኡ ተቐትሉ። ክሳብ ሽዑ ንደጃዝማች ሃይሉ ጸዓዘጋ ስዒሮም ማዕርግ ደጃዝማች ዝነበሮም ወልሚካኤል ካኣ በዛ ናይ ኣስመራ ውግእ ንራእሲ ባይሩ እውን ብምቕታሎም ካብ ማዕርግ ደጃዝማች ናብ ማዕርግ ራእሲ ተሰጋገሩ። ኣብቲ ኣባጋላ እተሳዕሩሉ ውግእ ድማ፡ ተራ ደጃዝማች መስፍን ወልደሚካኤል ኣዝዩ ጉሉሕ ኢዩ ኔሩ።

ድሕሪ'ቲ ደምሳሲ ውግእ፡ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል፡ ንራእሲ ባይሩኡ ገብረጻድቕን፡ ኣይተ ገብረስላሴን ዝተባህሉ ብዓል ጻዕዳ-ክርስትያን ብወግዒ ክቕበሩ ኣዘዙ። ጸኒሖም ግን ራእሲ ባይሩኡ ንደጃዝማች ወልደስላሴ ወዲ ኣይተ ዓንደሚካኤል በዓል ኮርባርያ፡ ኣብ ሓደ ኵናት ሲዒሮሞስ፡ ወዲ ተመርጻ ሓውተይ ምዃኑ ምስ ተነገሩ ከይትቐብርዎ ኢሎም ብወኻሩን ኣዛብእን ኣብሊዖ`ሞ ኢዮም እሞ ንራእሲ ባይሩኡ ገብረጻድቕ ከይትቐብርዎም፡ ወኻሩ ይጻወታሎም። ንኻልኦት ግን ብግቡእ ቅበርዎም ኢሎም ኣዘዙ። እንተዀነ ግን ደጃዝማች መስፍን ወዲ ራእሲ ወልደሚካኤል ፍርሃት እግዚኣብሄር ዚሓዶሮም ብሊሕን ፍትሐኛን ከም ምንባሮም መጠን ብለይቲ ካብ ኣቦም ተሓቢኦም ነቲ ካብ ዚብእን ወኻሩን ዝተረፈ ኣዕጽምቲ ራእሲ ባይሩኡ ኣኻኺቦም ኦርተድክሳዊ ክርስትያናዊ ስኔ ስርዓት ኣማሊኦም ቀበርዎም።

ደጃዝማች መስፍን ብወርሒ ሰነ 1889 ናብ ጣልያን ተወሲዶም ኣብታ ደሓር ጅግና ዘርኣይ ደረስ(ኣዝማድ'ዪም) 1930ታት ተሓይሩላ ዝነበረ ደሴት ብመግዛእቲ ኢጣልያ ተወሲዶም ካኣ ዝተረፈ ህይወቶም ኣብ ጣልያን ሓለፉ።

ደጃዝማች መስፍን፡ ቋንቋታት ዓረብ፡ ትግርኛ፡ ኣምሓርኛ፡ ትግረን ግእዝን ይመልኩ ምንባሮም ይፍለጥ።

I am kin to comment on the last paragraph of your post.

To begin with the subject history is my hobby.

Having said that, it is mentioned that dejazmach mesfin the son of ras weldemichael solomon has mastered the arabic language and as such I would like to tell you where he had learned it.

Here we go:

According to contemporary historians, he along with his father were put in captivity in an impregnable mountain in tigray by kahsay mircha aka yohannes the fourth. Among the captives were also atse tedros loyalists who were captured by the brit lord napier. He handed them over to kahsay mircha.

Now, amongst atse tedros loyalist, there was a famous gentleman who hails from senafe, eritrea. His name was SAMUEL, he was one of the right hands of tedros. His mastery of the arabic language was splendid. He was responsible for any correspondences of tedros with the turks, egyptians and what have you.

Who was SAMUEL? (read atse tedros ina yeethiopia andnet authored by the ethio historian, ato tekletsadiq mekuria) he mentions him in his book.

Now back to our story, as I mentioned above, he samuel and dejazmach mesfin were always together during their captivity and he taught him the arabic language from A to Z.