‘Shim Ymerh, Twaf Yebrh…’
Written by Natnael Yebio W.
http://www.shabait.com/about-eritrea/ar ... waf-yebrh-
About Eritrea - Art & Sport
The tone of this article can be quite clear for a local, but an outsider may need to read further.
The title is a proverb, which can roughly be translated as:
A Name guides & a Taper Lights. It highlights the ‘silent echo’, names have in our society. Parents and everyone else consider naming, carefully. They want it to be beautiful and simultaneously, meaningful. As part of the identity, it is good to know what our names mean and parallel to that finding out about the names of the places we live in or we belong, to makes our living more meaningful.
Places take their names, for different reasons and in association to events. I came to know that Eritrean villages, towns and cities have their origin of names that is more or less related to the topography of the land, nearby rivers, particular type of trees growing in these places or people living in them.
I was thrilled, to see a book of Eritrean place names inaugurated a while ago. The book, written by
Teklemariam Beraki and
Shishay Birhane, is entitled "
trgumn ameabablan asmat botatat Ertra", and details the stories behind the names of Eritrean towns and how the names evolved over time. The book is the first of its kind, and will be of great importance in narrowing the gap between the old and the new generation. The sources of this book are the
Abeyti adi or the elders, and the few old references available. The book is something that people should be proud of, when they discover about the origin of the places they live in. When I read this book it made sense to me why, these towns are still called by those ancient names. The majority of the names of these towns and villages, are related to the environment and the people. Without such references, one cannot identify, understand or tell a name of a town bluntly because the stories make the towns.
The first few pages of the book discuss
Ertra, which the Italians named after the ‘Red Algae’ found in the Red Sea. If you keep reading the next few pages, you find the central regional towns and villages where the capital city of Asmara is first mentioned. The word
Asmara is plural and refers to women, who unified four villages to form the city. The story is quite long, but the general background from where Asmara is named is the unity of these women. The slum neighborhood called-
Aba Shawl- came from a man who used to swear by his horse named: Shawl. This man was named
Engda, and was the secretary of the chieftain of that area. Formerly, the place was known as
Gnbar Aba Awts, which people later came to call after the house of this man:
Enda Aba Shawl.
Aba, stands for ‘father’ and Shawl is the name of the horse. Through time, the name spread and you find the place called as so. Another huge neighborhood is:
Akrya. This is believed to have come from the Arabic word
Akir that means:
the End. If you take a snapshot of this place from the top, you can see it is at the end of the city. Nearby is
Haz Haz, found on top of a mountain. The name of this place dates back to a battle between a local chieftain (Raesi)
Weldenkiel, against an invading Ethiopian Raesi called
Hailu. Raesi Weldenkiel’s army chased the enemy in this mountain saying, Haz Haz which means “Seize them”. Since then, there evolved a neighborhood called by this name and connects three neighborhoods:
Akrya, Mihram Chira and
Maitemenay. Maitemenay, is also one of the biggest neighborhoods in Asmara. The name was given by the people who used to live there enjoying the good climate around, but were always wishing for one thing -
water. Mai is water and temenay refers to their wish; hence Maitemenay.
Tsetserat, is a neighborhood located behind the Orrota Hospital. Tsetser in Tigrinya means
pebble and since this area used to be full of pebbles, it retained the name Tsetserat.
Further, the pages of the book move towards places such as
Wekiduba. Weki is a Blen word for
Hyena (found in the area) and Duba refers to the forest that used to be in the place in the past; so by combining these two words we have the village of WekiDuba.
Serejqa is another Blen combined word,
Sara and
Juiqa, which mean eat, drink and get clothed. This place is named so because the place was known for its cold weather, people couldn’t tolerate.
Tera Emni (line of stones), is a place found in the Southern region and the name for this place is basically brought from the stones aligned there.
Mendefera is the capital of this region and its history tells that the area was a very dense scary forest, where people never dared to enter. Thus, plainly the word is a question by itself. “Men defera”? “Who dares it (to the forest)”? The Italians decided to turn the forest into a town to spread their empire, and establish something out there. They dared to step into the all-time scary forest; this is why it was named Men defera until today. Further to the south there is a village named
Emni Haili, again named after a round stone that is difficult to lift though not too hefty. This stone is annually brought to the Eritrean Festival to challenge people to lift it up, and not all people manage to do it.
Emba Soira, is known as the highest mountain in Eritrea. The word Soira is a Saho word and it means
lofty, and looking at the mountain anyone would agree with the name given.
Senafe is another southern regional town, which is named after the Yemeni caravans who travelled towards this land. At some point, they looked back and couldn’t trace their way back home and they asked: “Sen’a Fen”?, “which way is Sen’a?” referring to the capital of Yemen, their home town.
In the Anseba region we find a town named
Ela Ber’ed. The area is known for the many white cattle, known as Ela Ber’ed. The next big town you find after Ela Ber’ed is
Keren, a charming town surrounded by a chain of mountains. The word Keren in Arabic means Chain of Mountains. Another town named after the Blen language is
Deraqui and the word means: Pottery. It is called so, because people did and still use the soil of the village for making Potteries.
Liban is a village, blessed with incense. This incense is extracted, from trees and stones. Using incense, is a commonly seen tradition in our culture.
Aqurdat, is a town found in the Gash Barka region and its name is a Tigre word for an insect known as
Qurdid. This insect troubled the people of the place, by sticking to the body of their livestock and sucking the blood. Later, the town took the name of the insect.
Gogne, is a kunama word for Corner. The village has taken the name, because it is located in a corner of a mountain.
Shambqo, refers to Ownership in Kunama. In the old days, Kunama people started to live in the area and declared everything found in the area as their ownership.
Molqi is the name of a place which I found funny, when I was reading. It is a formal Tigrinya word for
Mumlaq, which contextually meant out of position. People were travelling on a plain land that seemed with no end and they said, “Anta Moliqna ember” referring to their helpless legs, as they were super tired and unable to finish the journey.
Sawa, is an Arabic word for togetherness pronounced as ‘Se wa’. The name is given to addressz the unified activities done together. Sawa is now a town of academic excellence, and national service training.
It is said that the Italian word
Vafanculo is the origin for the naming of the village:
Fanko. There was an event when the Italians blocked some rivers to make a dam and, unfortunately, the power of the reserved water bursted the walls and they were disappointed, and the name gradually developed into Fanko. What would you name a place with no inhabitants, no vegetation, no nothing? Tigre people found such an area and they called it “
Alebun” and, hence, the village Alebu which means “nothing available”.
Af’abet is an interesting story I found outz while reading the book. It is originally a word uttered from a Tigre shepherd, when he couldn’t reply to a foreigner who asked what the place was called. The Tigre man couldn’t understand his words and said Af Abet, “the tongue couldn’t talk” and since then, the place has been called Af’abet.
Omhajer, comes from an Arabic word
Um Hajer; meaning
Mother of Stones. The area, is full of stones.
Nefasit, is a town found underneath the
Debre Bizen monastery. This town is located, between Bizen and the eastern
Arbe Robue mountains.