Mereja.Forum

[jennifer]

[jennifer]

https://www.youscribe.com/BookReader/If ... llscreen=0

[Tog Wajale]

It's A Wake Up Call To The Masters Of The Horn Shaebia Eritrea. What Are They Waiting Pay Back Just Like The Dedebit Woorgach Agga*me T.P.L.F Woyane Did To Eritrea Same Thing By The Liggaggamm Pentte Ahmed Abiyot Administration & Tebettabba Galla Berhanu Nega Will Reapeted It. Time Will Tell.

[Jaegol]

This will just create armies race in the neighborhood. If France can arm, Ethiopia...some body will arm Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea ...for sure. The white man will arm you and if you go to war the better because he will sell more spare parts, experts...
France can even arm both sides...Poor Africa

[Zmeselo]

This will just create armies race in the neighborhood. If France can arm, Ethiopia...some body will arm Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea ...for sure. The white man will arm you and if you go to war the better because he will sell more spare parts, experts...
France can even arm both sides...Poor Africa

You got that right, bro.

Eritrea should promptly and in the open, sign a defence pact with Egypt. To the point of allowing a military base on its territory, in my view.

[Zmeselo]

How France ignored European promises and armed Sisi's Egypt

Several NGOs accuse French companies of complicity in 'bloody Egyptian repression' over the last five years


Then-French President François Hollande welcomes Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to the Elysée presidential palace on 26 November 2014 (AFP)

By Akram Kharief

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/how- ... isis-egypt

29 January 2019

In his five years in office, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has been able to count on France as a trustworthy arms supplier during one of the most troubled periods in his country’s history.

A report published by several NGOs - including the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, the League of Human Rights and the Observatory of Weaponry (OBSARM) – on Monday claimed that

the French state and several French companies have participated in the bloody Egyptian repression of the last five years.

Between 2007 and 2012, France sold 24 Rafale fighter jets to Egypt (Wikimedia Commons)

The relationship between French arms manufacturers and the Egyptian state under Sisi began soon after the former defence minister took power on 3 July, 2013.

On 12 August that year - two days before the Egyptian army’s crackdown on protesters in Rabaa al-Adawiya Square, during which more than 800 people were killed - French company Manurhin, a leading manufacturer of ammunition-producing machinery, was due to deliver a machine to manufacture 20mm and 40mm cartridges, which can be used for both rubber-coated steel bullets and tear gas canisters, to the Egyptian government.

However, just before the state-of-the-art equipment was due to be delivered, French customs blocked the transfer, following the escalation of demonstrations sparked by the coup against President Mohamed Morsi.

French and European arms exports to Egypt were suspended for a few months, only to start anew after Sisi took office, with considerable attention paid to a large-scale project meant to modernise the Egyptian army - with the support of substantial Saudi funding.

French companies have also proven to be a great support in providing systems to monitor Egyptians’ daily lives

The Egyptian army purchased German U214 submarines, Russian Mig-29 fighter jets and S-350 anti-aircraft missiles, but French weapons manufacturers’ sales also boomed at the time, with the orders of Rafale fighter jets, a FREMM frigate, three Gowind corvettes, and hundreds of armoured vehicles.

Sisi’s Egypt even helped France after French company DCNS - now known as Naval Group - found itself mired in a crisis with Moscow due to sanctions that led to France’s refusal to deliver two Mistral helicopter carriers to the Russian navy. Egypt swooped in to claim the two huge ships, worth more than a billion euros, effectively saving DCNS.

Moreover, French companies have also proven to be a great support in providing systems to monitor Egyptians’ daily lives.

In their report, the NGOs said by

equipping the Egyptian security and repression services with powerful digital tools, [France and its weapons manufacturers] have thereby participated in setting up an Orwellian surveillance and control architecture, aimed at cracking down all attempts at dissent and mobilisation.

France's fourth largest customer

On 21 August, 2013, the European Union called on its member states, including France, to suspend their arms transfers to Egypt in order to prevent them from being used for domestic repression purposes.

But paradoxically, France has never sold and delivered so many weapons to Egypt in such a short time period as since 2011. The country became France’s fourth-largest customer between 2007 and 2016.


Nicolas Sarkozy welcomes Hosni Mubarak to the Elysée presidential palace on 30 August 2010 (AFP)

Under the cover of the war on terror, and in spite the EU’s call to member states and the 2008 EU Common Position defining rules regarding the control of military technology and equipment exports, France has continued to provide weapons and devices that can be used for domestic security and law-and-order purposes.

According to the FIDH, at least eight French companies, encouraged by successive governments, took advantage of the situation in Egypt to reap record profits. Between 2010 and 2016, French arms deliveries to Egypt rose from $46m to $1.5bn.

While the European Council announced the termination of military and surveillance equipment exports in order to sanction the dictatorial drift in Egypt, France took the opportunity to gain market share and achieve record exports,

said FIDH's president, Dimitris Christopoulos.

Helicopter carriers and espionage equipment

In their relations with Egypt, French defence companies can be classified into three categories.

The first includes heavy equipment suppliers whose weapons do not belong to police arsenals, such as Naval Group, which has supplied two helicopter carriers, a frigate and a corvette, and is preparing to assemble three of them in Egypt: Dassault, with its Rafale; Sagem, with its laser-guided bombs or its Patroller; and Thales UAV, with observation or designation pods for fighter aircraft (Reco-NG and Talios).

The second category groups together companies that sell military equipment that can be used for "pacification" and anti-terrorist operations. Renault Trucks Defence - now known as Arquus - sold several hundred Sherpa tanks to former Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak’s regime and later pursued cooperation with Sisi.

The third type of French company involved is the more pernicious category of suppliers of espionage, surveillance and internet censorship equipment, used to tap phones and shape public opinion on social networks.

The FIDH report, which draws in part from OBSARM’s work, identifies companies that have provided Egyptian law enforcement and secret services with technologies for individual surveillance (Amesys/Nexa/AM Systems), mass interception (Suneris/Ercom), individual data collection (Idemia) and crowd control.


A military helicopter flies over Mohammed Morsi supporters in Cairo in 2013 (AFP)

In doing so, these companies have participated in the construction of a generalised surveillance and crowd control system, aimed at suppressing any dissent or social movement and leading to the arrest of tens of thousands of opponents and activists.

While the 2011 Egyptian revolution and the Arab Spring had been carried out by means of an ultraconnected 'Facebook generation’ that mobilized crowds online, France is now participating in the crushing of this generation

- Bahey Eddin Hassan, Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies

How is the French government involved?

But why does the report associate the French state with what could merely have been opportunistic business opportunities for French private companies?

In addition to the state being a shareholder in several major French defence groups such as Thales or Safran, when financial packages cause problems, the French president or prime minister will usually be the one who can override the Egyptian government’s solvency issues to guarantee large contracts.

The French government has paid half the deposits for at least three major contracts: the Rafale aircrafts deal, and the MBDA missiles and DCNS ships sales – amounting to $6.5bn.

Paris is directly involved due to the obligatory political validation of weapons sales through the granting of export licences through the Interministerial Commission for the Study of Exports of War Material (CIEEMG).

The CIEEMG is the only authority that assesses whether it is possible to sell military equipment to a third country. Its primary function is to prevent the dissemination of French technologies and ward off copy-cats.

It can also block sales in order to prevent specific countries from gaining access to state-of-the-art technologies if doing so would shift the balance of power with France and its allies.

Finally, it is designed to prevent the misuse of military technology by a third country. The CIEEMG issues licences product by product, so that they can be ready for purchase during calls for tender, then issues another license for export in the event of a purchase order.


A Mistral helicopter carrier (Wikimedia Commons)

The CIEEMG brings together representatives from the ministries of defence, foreign affairs, finance, higher education and interior, as well as the prime minister’s office and the president’s special staff.

The first three representatives have discretionary powers over exports, while the others may issue advisory opinions which will be taken into account in the final decision.

The system in place is evidence of the French government’s degree of involvement in the military equipment export process.

In publishing this report, the FIDH

calls on the French government to immediately terminate these deadly exports and to set up a parliamentary inquiry into arms deliveries to Egypt since 2013.

More generally, the signatories of the report called once again for an overhaul of the French system for the control of arms and surveillance equipment exports, rendered ineffective by its opacity and dependence on the executive branch.

- The article is based on an a translation of a story that was originally published by Middle East Eye's https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/report ... -885559646 French website.

[opmerc]

This will just create armies race in the neighborhood. If France can arm, Ethiopia...some body will arm Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea ...for sure. The white man will arm you and if you go to war the better because he will sell more spare parts, experts...
France can even arm both sides...Poor Africa

You got that right, bro.

Eritrea should promptly and in the open, sign a defence pact with Egypt. To the point of allowing a military base on its territory, in my view.

You are one goofy person. Eritrea should sign a defense pact with Egypt because.. what exactly.. you are paranoid about being invaded? or is it jealousy you couldn't buy the same weapons? Either way getting into any arrangement with Egypt to remedy this is the surest way to actually be invaded. Good thing 'your view' isn't the type running either country.

As for the letter, if it is in fact a real letter, says nothing about nuclear warheads. Intercontinental ballistic missles are not nuclear missiles, They are just long distance missiles that can be equipped with a payload. Of any kind. Sure, this payload can be nuclear warheads but that is not requested here nor would it be sold like some generic grocery item.

How about you stop spreading fake news.

[Zmeselo]

This will just create armies race in the neighborhood. If France can arm, Ethiopia...some body will arm Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea ...for sure. The white man will arm you and if you go to war the better because he will sell more spare parts, experts...
France can even arm both sides...Poor Africa

You got that right, bro.

Eritrea should promptly and in the open, sign a defence pact with Egypt. To the point of allowing a military base on its territory, in my view.

You are one goofy person. Eritrea should sign a defense pact with Egypt because.. what exactly.. you are paranoid about being invaded? or is it jealousy you couldn't buy the same weapons? Either way getting into any arrangement with Egypt to remedy this is the surest way to actually be invaded. Good thing 'your view' isn't the type running either country.

As for the letter, if it is in fact a real letter, says nothing about nuclear warheads. Intercontinental ballistic missles are not nuclear missiles, They are just long distance missiles that can be equipped with a payload. Of any kind. Sure, this payload can be nuclear warheads but that is not requested here nor would it be sold like some generic grocery item.

How about you stop spreading fake news.

Ok, what guarantee do you give me that your country won't invade in future?

Little Djibouti has bought insurance long ago & you guys have not only left her alone, but spent billions upon billions every year to use her ports.

"Once bitten, twice shy". Have you heard, of that expression? Have you once castigated Ethiopians here, who always threaten to get our ports by force for goofy talk?

Nope!

[jennifer]

don't be paranoid, egypt is threatening ethiopia over the dam. this has nothing to do with you, unless of course you are 6k km away from ethiopia read again before going wild.

This will just create armies race in the neighborhood. If France can arm, Ethiopia...some body will arm Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea ...for sure. The white man will arm you and if you go to war the better because he will sell more spare parts, experts...
France can even arm both sides...Poor Africa

You got that right, bro.

Eritrea should promptly and in the open, sign a defence pact with Egypt. To the point of allowing a military base on its territory, in my view.

[Zmeselo]

Well & good! I'm not talking about this year, or the next.

No Eritrean expected, the '98-00 war. It fell on us like a ton of bricks, & totally out of the blue. The returning back of our territory- acquired legally- is still in limbo. Ethiopians tend to agree on one thing specifically, despite your other differences. Invading Eritrea!

When it comes to that, your unity is solid.

don't be paranoid, egypt is threatening ethiopia over the dam. this has nothing to do with you, unless of course you are 6k km away from ethiopia read again before going wild.

This will just create armies race in the neighborhood. If France can arm, Ethiopia...some body will arm Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea ...for sure. The white man will arm you and if you go to war the better because he will sell more spare parts, experts...
France can even arm both sides...Poor Africa

You got that right, bro.

Eritrea should promptly and in the open, sign a defence pact with Egypt. To the point of allowing a military base on its territory, in my view.

[Abaymado]

What the hell is going on between Eritrea and Ethiopia? do we know something secret hidden from the public ? Actually it is silly to think that Ethiopia will attack Eritrea for the sake of Badme. It is not our issue. may be there may be a concern regarding the port. This is totally bullshiiit! We have so many problems loaded. Guys you creating and fabricating surprising news for yourself, and go panic yourself and others.

[Zmeselo]

Abaymado, personally, I've only one concern up to this day. Ethiopia hasn't yet managed to tame the weyane, & return our territories. It's going in the right direction sure, now that the TPLF has lost power within the EPRDF but their threats to us are still ongoing.

Maybe you don't speak Tgrgna, but just yesterday I posted 2 videos with their cadres, still contemplating to destroy Eritrea to create a Tgray republic. I'm not saying they're gonna try or will succeed if they do, but they keep us on high alert constantly anyway.

[opmerc]

Ok, what guarantee do you give me that your country won't invade in future?

Little Djibouti has bought insurance long ago & you guys have not only left her alone, but spent billions upon billions every year to use her ports.

"Once bitten, twice shy". Have you heard, of that expression? Have you once castigated Ethiopians here, who always threaten to get our ports by force for goofy talk?

Nope!

There are no future incentives great enough for my country to invade yours. Resource wise or geographical. TPLF is on a one-way route to the morgue and the rest of the population is only interested in peace. Those saying otherwise are only TPLF cadres.

But there are no guarantees to anything. The likelihood of invasion or conflict can be made smaller by increasing economic and diplomatic ties. When both parties have too much to lose by fighting, everyone will work so fighting doesn't occur. The sooner your country does it's part to enhance such ties the faster we can get to this place.

The reason Djibouti is not invaded is for this same reason. To invade it would mean to disrupt our main supply line during this invasion and to try and pacify the population indefinitely afterwards. That means inheriting their headaches and having this supply line constantly at risk of attacks. There is no upside to that when they are already strong economic partners. Not because they've parked foreign armies in their lands. Those same armies would easily entertain the notion that we would be better landlords if we made them better guarantees. If Djibouti also included armies from any adversarial country the likelihood of conflict would only increase.

[Jaegol]

You said “ may be there may be a concern regarding the port”
What do you mean? Can you clarify

What the hell is going on between Eritrea and Ethiopia? do we know something secret hidden from the public ? Actually it is silly to think that Ethiopia will attack Eritrea for the sake of Badme. It is not our issue. may be there may be a concern regarding the port. This is totally bullshiiit! We have so many problems loaded. Guys you creating and fabricating surprising news for yourself, and go panic yourself and others.

[Zmeselo]

Except for their threats to Eritrea, from 27:15 on, they're claiming Welqait- Xegede, Limalimo, Alewuha until Gonder belongs to Tgray.

You would say, these 2 are crazy & not to be taken seriously but the problem is the whole of Tgray thinks like them.

[jennifer]

i thought this thread will be about ethiopia vs egypt but for some unknown reason it went in the wrong and unintended direction honestly, ethiopia and eritrea are not threatening each other. they are friendly countries to each other and i even expect eritrea to side with ethiopia in the event of egypt attacking ethiopia.

[Zmeselo]

i thought this thread will be about ethiopia vs egypt but for some unknown reason it went in the wrong and unintended direction honestly, ethiopia and eritrea are not threatening each other. they are friendly countries to each other and i even expect eritrea to side with ethiopia in the event of egypt attacking ethiopia.

You're, basically right. And I pray to God, it continues so. Didn't we think the same way from 1993-1998, though?

Imagine PM Abyi losing the elections, for instance. What do Eritreans know, who comes after? Honestly I don't even know what Jawar's policy vis a vis Eritrea is, for instance.

If Ethiopia returns our land and manages to tame Tgray, then we'll relax somewhat. Let alone that, Ethiopia hasn't yet managed to bring back Welqait to Amara and some places in Afar to the Afari.

All in all though, may the peace of the Lord be with us and your words be the law.





Tgray, should return to its original size. They've blocked access, b/n Eritrea & amara. We can't trade without their saying so.

[Maxi]

ኦህዴዶች በጃዋር በኩል ያስወጡት ጦር መሳርያ ሰንድ ግዥ እና የጦር መሳርያ ዝርዛር አብይ አህመድ የፈረመበት ደብዳቤ ይኸው

[Abaymado]

Zemeselo said: “You're, basically right. And I pray to God, it continues so. Didn't we think the same way from 1993-1998, though? …


All in all though, may the peace of the Lord be with us and your words be the law.”
Zemeselo:
I don’t understand, are you scaring weyane? Why are you worried if war erupts?
Jegol said: “You said “ may be there may be a concern regarding the port”
What do you mean? Can you clarify”
Jegol: so, you want me to tell you our nation’s secret?
ፈስ ነገር ነህ !

The Port issue is very sensitive and confidential and so you expect me to tell you?

[Jaegol]

Good for France! This deal creates a lot of jobs for years.
France already sold billions of weapons to Egypt and courting Ethiopia to buy more of the same weapons sold to Egypt. Eritrea can be the next client... why not? It’s is on borrowed money, if broke Ethiopia can borrow it Eritrea can do that too.
The winner are the French at the end of the day. And the other outcome is peace, because if the power is balanced there will be respect by rival countries, but if one is weak and unarmed...it’s like inviting aggression, so you better get armied up if you want respect and peace.
It’s a dog eat dog world, with the survival of the fittest being the motto, unfortunately but true.

How France ignored European promises and armed Sisi's Egypt

Several NGOs accuse French companies of complicity in 'bloody Egyptian repression' over the last five years


Then-French President François Hollande welcomes Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to the Elysée presidential palace on 26 November 2014 (AFP)

By Akram Kharief

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/how- ... isis-egypt

29 January 2019

In his five years in office, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has been able to count on France as a trustworthy arms supplier during one of the most troubled periods in his country’s history.

A report published by several NGOs - including the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, the League of Human Rights and the Observatory of Weaponry (OBSARM) – on Monday claimed that

the French state and several French companies have participated in the bloody Egyptian repression of the last five years.

Between 2007 and 2012, France sold 24 Rafale fighter jets to Egypt (Wikimedia Commons)

The relationship between French arms manufacturers and the Egyptian state under Sisi began soon after the former defence minister took power on 3 July, 2013.

On 12 August that year - two days before the Egyptian army’s crackdown on protesters in Rabaa al-Adawiya Square, during which more than 800 people were killed - French company Manurhin, a leading manufacturer of ammunition-producing machinery, was due to deliver a machine to manufacture 20mm and 40mm cartridges, which can be used for both rubber-coated steel bullets and tear gas canisters, to the Egyptian government.

However, just before the state-of-the-art equipment was due to be delivered, French customs blocked the transfer, following the escalation of demonstrations sparked by the coup against President Mohamed Morsi.

French and European arms exports to Egypt were suspended for a few months, only to start anew after Sisi took office, with considerable attention paid to a large-scale project meant to modernise the Egyptian army - with the support of substantial Saudi funding.

French companies have also proven to be a great support in providing systems to monitor Egyptians’ daily lives

The Egyptian army purchased German U214 submarines, Russian Mig-29 fighter jets and S-350 anti-aircraft missiles, but French weapons manufacturers’ sales also boomed at the time, with the orders of Rafale fighter jets, a FREMM frigate, three Gowind corvettes, and hundreds of armoured vehicles.

Sisi’s Egypt even helped France after French company DCNS - now known as Naval Group - found itself mired in a crisis with Moscow due to sanctions that led to France’s refusal to deliver two Mistral helicopter carriers to the Russian navy. Egypt swooped in to claim the two huge ships, worth more than a billion euros, effectively saving DCNS.

Moreover, French companies have also proven to be a great support in providing systems to monitor Egyptians’ daily lives.

In their report, the NGOs said by

equipping the Egyptian security and repression services with powerful digital tools, [France and its weapons manufacturers] have thereby participated in setting up an Orwellian surveillance and control architecture, aimed at cracking down all attempts at dissent and mobilisation.

France's fourth largest customer

On 21 August, 2013, the European Union called on its member states, including France, to suspend their arms transfers to Egypt in order to prevent them from being used for domestic repression purposes.

But paradoxically, France has never sold and delivered so many weapons to Egypt in such a short time period as since 2011. The country became France’s fourth-largest customer between 2007 and 2016.


Nicolas Sarkozy welcomes Hosni Mubarak to the Elysée presidential palace on 30 August 2010 (AFP)

Under the cover of the war on terror, and in spite the EU’s call to member states and the 2008 EU Common Position defining rules regarding the control of military technology and equipment exports, France has continued to provide weapons and devices that can be used for domestic security and law-and-order purposes.

According to the FIDH, at least eight French companies, encouraged by successive governments, took advantage of the situation in Egypt to reap record profits. Between 2010 and 2016, French arms deliveries to Egypt rose from $46m to $1.5bn.

While the European Council announced the termination of military and surveillance equipment exports in order to sanction the dictatorial drift in Egypt, France took the opportunity to gain market share and achieve record exports,

said FIDH's president, Dimitris Christopoulos.

Helicopter carriers and espionage equipment

In their relations with Egypt, French defence companies can be classified into three categories.

The first includes heavy equipment suppliers whose weapons do not belong to police arsenals, such as Naval Group, which has supplied two helicopter carriers, a frigate and a corvette, and is preparing to assemble three of them in Egypt: Dassault, with its Rafale; Sagem, with its laser-guided bombs or its Patroller; and Thales UAV, with observation or designation pods for fighter aircraft (Reco-NG and Talios).

The second category groups together companies that sell military equipment that can be used for "pacification" and anti-terrorist operations. Renault Trucks Defence - now known as Arquus - sold several hundred Sherpa tanks to former Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak’s regime and later pursued cooperation with Sisi.

The third type of French company involved is the more pernicious category of suppliers of espionage, surveillance and internet censorship equipment, used to tap phones and shape public opinion on social networks.

The FIDH report, which draws in part from OBSARM’s work, identifies companies that have provided Egyptian law enforcement and secret services with technologies for individual surveillance (Amesys/Nexa/AM Systems), mass interception (Suneris/Ercom), individual data collection (Idemia) and crowd control.


A military helicopter flies over Mohammed Morsi supporters in Cairo in 2013 (AFP)

In doing so, these companies have participated in the construction of a generalised surveillance and crowd control system, aimed at suppressing any dissent or social movement and leading to the arrest of tens of thousands of opponents and activists.

While the 2011 Egyptian revolution and the Arab Spring had been carried out by means of an ultraconnected 'Facebook generation’ that mobilized crowds online, France is now participating in the crushing of this generation

- Bahey Eddin Hassan, Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies

How is the French government involved?

But why does the report associate the French state with what could merely have been opportunistic business opportunities for French private companies?

In addition to the state being a shareholder in several major French defence groups such as Thales or Safran, when financial packages cause problems, the French president or prime minister will usually be the one who can override the Egyptian government’s solvency issues to guarantee large contracts.

The French government has paid half the deposits for at least three major contracts: the Rafale aircrafts deal, and the MBDA missiles and DCNS ships sales – amounting to $6.5bn.

Paris is directly involved due to the obligatory political validation of weapons sales through the granting of export licences through the Interministerial Commission for the Study of Exports of War Material (CIEEMG).

The CIEEMG is the only authority that assesses whether it is possible to sell military equipment to a third country. Its primary function is to prevent the dissemination of French technologies and ward off copy-cats.

It can also block sales in order to prevent specific countries from gaining access to state-of-the-art technologies if doing so would shift the balance of power with France and its allies.

Finally, it is designed to prevent the misuse of military technology by a third country. The CIEEMG issues licences product by product, so that they can be ready for purchase during calls for tender, then issues another license for export in the event of a purchase order.


A Mistral helicopter carrier (Wikimedia Commons)

The CIEEMG brings together representatives from the ministries of defence, foreign affairs, finance, higher education and interior, as well as the prime minister’s office and the president’s special staff.

The first three representatives have discretionary powers over exports, while the others may issue advisory opinions which will be taken into account in the final decision.

The system in place is evidence of the French government’s degree of involvement in the military equipment export process.

In publishing this report, the FIDH

calls on the French government to immediately terminate these deadly exports and to set up a parliamentary inquiry into arms deliveries to Egypt since 2013.

More generally, the signatories of the report called once again for an overhaul of the French system for the control of arms and surveillance equipment exports, rendered ineffective by its opacity and dependence on the executive branch.

- The article is based on an a translation of a story that was originally published by Middle East Eye's https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/report ... -885559646 French website.