Three Language School Policy in Ethiopia!
I recently heard the language policy research issued by Kotebe university of education. Based on that, Finfinné admnistration is trying to implement three language policy in schools of Finfinné. Accordingly, every school child is going to learn three languages: 1. Mother tongue, 2. English and 3. Third language. I think it is good idea. May be, it is better to put instead of diffuse “third language” a concrete and specific “regional language” for those who are not natively from the concerned region. Then it will be clear that in Finfinné, those who have Amarigna as mother tongue will learn, Amarigna, English and Afän Oromô as regional language for Finfinné is de facto part and parcel of Oromia region. Similarly, children from Guragigna speaking family shall learn Guragigna, English and Afän Oromô. Those from Tigrigna speakers learn Tigrigna, English and Afän Oromo. In Bahirdar, it will be otherwise. Here, Children from Afän Oromô speakers should learn Afän Oromô, English and Amarigna as regional language. Similarly Tigrigna speakers in Bahirdar will learn Tigrigna, English and Amharigna. So, instead of diffuse “third language, it is better to learn regional language as third option. For those having the same mother tongue and regional language, i.e for the natives, the third language form is good. For instance, for Oromos in Finfinné, Afän Oromo is mother tongue and regional language at the same time. Thus, they learn Afän Oromô, English and third language by choice (either Amarigna, Tigrigna, Somaaliffà, Guragigna or Sidamiffà etc). Amarigna speakers in Amara region (the natives there) can do the same. They learn Amarigna, English and third language by choice. The research result of Kotebe university can be applied in the whole Ethiopia. Otherwise, I think Qubé Afàn Oromô needs modification for the sake of efficiency. We need to get rid of the bulk of vowels. The double vowels can be reduced to single vowel as demonstrated in the following text.
Read more: https://orompia.wordpress.com/2023/01/0 ... at-oromia/
Re: Three Language School Policy in Ethiopia!
Sénãn Oromô Akka Janus Füla Lama Qaba!
Hubachɨsa: qubé kénya xiqqo foyyéssüf jecha, dubbistôta shan dabalén jira: ã = aa; é = ee; ɨ = ii; ô = oo fi ü = uu!
Barreffamni kun kan ani Afãn Oromôtɨn yerô durãf dhiyése wãn ta’éf, yô dogoggorri késsa jirãte na ofkolcha. Akka ani amma Afãn Oromôtɨn yãda kô dhiyésü yãlu kan na kakãse, débisa Obbo Abdɨ Borü barrefama kô tokkôf kenne dha. Durãn dursé Ob. Abdɨ wãn lamãf galatéfachün barbãda: tokkoffã, yerô hunda yãda isã Afãn Oromô barédã, midhãwa fi qulqullü dhan nüf dhiyésü isãf; lammaffã ammô, baréffama kô sana irratti akka Oromô tokkotti kabajã fi nãmusãn qéqa kennü isãf. Késattü, namummã kô fi yãda kô adda bãsé ilãlün isã namôta heddü baréffama sana dura-dhãbbatanɨ na shakkani fi na yakkan irrã adda isa godha. Fakkénya gãrɨ ta’ü isãtɨf ulfina guddã qaba; na birattis ni kabajama.
Itti ãnsé, wã’é Janus xiqqo ibsün yãla. Maqãn kun ‘mythology’ Grék késsatti wãqa Rome tokkôf kan kename dha. Füla lama qaba jedhamé himama: füla jalqabã (alpha) fi füla xumurã (omega). Sürãn isãf kennamu garri cãlu matã nam-tokkô, füla lama walɨn, argisɨsama. Fülli lamãn sun wal hã fakkãtani ykn wal hin fakkãtɨn ani himü hin danda’u. Akka asitti (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_(Mythologie) argisɨsame yô ta’e, wal fakkãtu jedhén yãda. Ani garü yôn sénãn Oromô füla lama qabãtinnã lãta jedhé gãfadhu, füla garagarã lama jechü kô ti. Mãlɨf akkan kana gãfadhe, yãda ani asitti barréssü yãlu irrã hubatama jedhén amana.
Baréfamni kô qéqame sun akkasitti awwãra kãsün isa karã tokko na gaddisɨse, karã birã ammô na gammachɨse. Kan na gadisɨse, jarjarsüdhãn maxxansü irrãn kan ka’e wãn xixiqô irrã of qusachü dhɨsü kô ti. Barréfamni kun wagga lama dura “Ethiopian Review Forum” irratti barréfame malé, akka ‘article’ tokkôtti, hamma dhumãtti itti hin yãdamne ture; wãn ani dhiyénya kana débisé baréfama “Jawarawi Harakat …” jedhu késsatti kãséf, namni birã fide akka yãda (comment) godhé maxxanse. Namni na béku tokko ammô yãda kana dubbisé, “kun matãn isa akka ‘article’ tokkotti otü maxxansamé dansã dha” jedhé yãda nãf kenninãn jarjarsü dhãn maxxansɨse. Jarjarsü kana késsatti, maqã kutã tokkô (Shoa) fi maqã namôta kutã sana késsã akka fakkényatti kennün kô akka dubbistô nni heddün jallãtti na hubatan godhe. Warri akkas na hubatanɨs na shakkü fi na yakkü filatan. Kan na gammachɨse ammô, namü yãda isã garagarã dubbɨ sana irratti kennaté marɨhachü isã ti.
Mé amma gara yãda akkas nu afãnfãjesse kana hã ilãllu. Akkan shakkame sana, ani Oromô kutã tokkô yakküf hin barréssine, hubannã ani sénã Oromôf qabu késsã xiqqo calaqise malé. Namônni ani akka fakkényãtti kennes warruma sammü kôtti dhufan malé, itti yãdé isãn filén miti; otün yerô fudhé itti yãdera ta’é akkas hin godhu ture; kanãf jarjarsün sun wãn dogoggora fakkãte kana üme. Garü akkas nu marɨhachɨsün isã ammô, “bagan jarjaré maxxansɨse” na jechisɨse. Gãrɨs hã ta’u hamã, yãdni ani dubbistôta irrã arge, hawãsa kényãf barumsa wãn ta’u dha jedhén amana. Yãdni ani hamma ammãtti barréssã ture hundi, hawãsa Oromô marɨhachɨsu irra kan darbe, akéka birã hin qabu. Sénãn Oromô ammô, akkuman afãn Inglizitɨn ibsã ture, akka Janus wãn bifa (füla) lama qabu fakkãta; isãnis:
– ‘Gadã-Oromianist narrative’ (sénã isa warri ‘decolonization of Gadã-Oromia itti amanan himani). Fülli sénã kun kan sénã Oromia isa fãlla sénã Abyssinia ta’e ibsu dha. Füla kana kan qaban warra Gadã-Oromianist ta’anɨ sénã Oromô akka saba ãdã guddã fi bulchinsa gãrɨ qabãchã ture, garü kolonɨ Abyssinia jalatti kufetti himan. Isãn kun Oromô warra “I am Oromo first; Ethiopia is imposed on me” jedhu hunda hammata. Sénã isãn himan, Oromôn saba Kush yô ta’u, Habeshãn ammô saba Semetic akka ta’e fi biyyøttãn laman (Abyssinia fi Oromia) ollã akka ta’an ibsa.
– ‘Great-Oromianist narrative’ (séna warri ‘democratization of Ethiopia or transformation to Great-Oromia’ sammütti qabani). Fülli birã kun, isa sénã Oromia fi sénã Abyssinia walitti fidü yãlu dha. Warri füla kana calaqisan warra Oromô akka saba biyya Ethiopia jedhamtu kana wagga 300 bulchaa turrétti dhiyésani. Isãn kun warra “I am Oromo, who contributed a lot in building the current Ethiopian state” jedhu. Sénã isan himan kan warra Kush/Meroe walɨn wal qabaté biyya lamãnü (Abyssinia fi Oromia) hammata. Oromô warri “federation dhugã fidüf qabsôfna, yô barbãchises maqaa union kanã Great-Oromia jenna” jedhan, füla sénã kanas ni késsumsɨsu.
Yô fakkényãf sénã kénya yerô warãna addunyã II, bara lola Xaliyãnɨ walɨn gône (Oromô gar tokko Xãliyãn lolani, kãn ammo Xãliyãn fãna dhãbbatanɨ Habashã lolan) fi Oromota nafxãnya Minilik ta’anɨ lafa argatan tokko-tokko ilãllu, gãffɨlén ka’ü malan: füla lamãn kana akka sénã Oromôtti fudhachü dandénya mø tokko filachü qabna? Bifa lamãn kana késsã tokko jajü fi kan birã xiqqéssü qabna mô lamãnü qixa ilãlü dandénya? Yô tokko filanne hô, mãlɨf filanna? Füla lamãn walitti fidné, achi késsã sénã walô tokko bãsü ni dandénya?…kkf dha. Késsattü, warri siyãsa Oromô gaggéssu, sénã tokko yô dhiyésan, akka mul’ata isãnɨ tajãjilutti ta’üf itti yãdanɨtu. Kanãf natti fakkãta, qãmonni siyãsa Oromô warri “federeshina dhugã ijãrra, Ethiopia késsatti Oromian if bulchü qabdi” jedhan, séna lamãnu kan késumsɨsan. Achirrã ka’anɨtu kãyyô ‘Ethiopian Federation‘ jedhu qabatanii kan déman. Dégartônni yãda kanã gar-tokko, yô furmãta yerô dhérãf ta’u barbãnne, “maqã federation ijãrüf démnu sana Oromia hã bãsnu” jechaa jiru. Yô kana gône, gara fuldurãtti, “Oromôtu Ethiopiawinet fudhata otuu hin tãne, Habashãtu Oromiyawinet fudhata” jedhanii amanu.
Amma gãffilé Ob. Abdɨ kãsé sana gaggabãbsé débisüf: yôn loltôta Semien fi Tigrai jedhu, loltün Abyssinia bakka birã (Gojjam, Gondar Kibbã fi Lasta) Minilik II fãna hin turre jechü kô miti; loltônni isã heddün garü Shoa kãbã késsã ta’ü wãn hãllu natti hin fakkãtu; loltün Tigrai ammø Oromia késsatti kan heddummãtte erga 1991 as malé, isa dura hin turre; “môrã dɨnã késsa kan hojjete hundi méshã fi gantü dha” wãn jedhu kun sirrɨ natti hin fakkãtu; môrã dɨnã késsa tã’ani firãf hojjechü fi mɨdhã tokko lammɨ irratti otü hin dalagɨn jirãchünis numa jira; ani barrefama kôkéssatti kutã Oromô tokko yakkü hin barbãnne, yakkamtôta Oromô hunda qulqulléssünis fedhɨ kô hin turre; garü namônni yãda kô dubbisan gar-tokko warri akkasitti na hubatan, otü irra deddébisanɨ yãda kô dubbisanɨ nan gammada; fakkényi kubbã mɨllã Jarman fi Poland sun yãduma kô ibsüf malé, taphattôta sana namøta hãla siyyãsa késsa jiran wajjin wal qixxésüf miti; Dr Fikre séna kan waggã 3000 barrésse, ani ammô kan waggã 300 duwwãn ilãle, kanãf yãdni kényi lamãn heddü wal hin fakkãtu.
Wãnuma fedhéfü, awãra dhékkamsã fi marɨ ho’ã akkasi kãsün sun milkã’ina barréfama sanã argisɨsa. Marɨ godhame hundatti ani gammadén jira. Barréffama dhihãtan késsatti, qabxɨlén tokko-tokko namøta marɨf akka kakãsütti, yô barbãchise akkas ‘provocative’ ta’ün barbãchisã dha. Dubbistønni gar-tokko garü, wãnuma yãdni kô isãnɨf hin liqimsannéf jecha, wãn ani “hammina dhoksãn” dému fakkéssanɨ himü barbãdan (they wanted to make a diagnosis of my “evil intention”). Kun dogoggora késsa isãn büsa malé, wãn ani démuf békü isãnɨ hin argisɨsu. Gara fuldurãfü, akka Ob. Abdɨ godhe kana yãda mormü fi xɨnxalü irratti otü xiyyéfatanii gãrɨ dha. Hunda cãlã ammô, ani yãda kô barréssé kanɨn maxxansü “barsɨsüf” miti, yô namônni yãda irratti kennan débisé achi irrã barachüf malé. Débi’ɨ ani barréfama sanãf argadhe garü kan nama ajãyibu: dubbistønni gar tokko “this is collective criminalization” jedhanɨ akka ani Oromô kutã tokkô yakketti hubatan; warri kãn ammô “this is collective de-criminalization” jedhanɨ akka ani yakkamtôta qulqullésü yãlétti na fudhatan. Baréffama tokkôf bifa wal hin simmanne lama kennan. Kan ani gochü barbãde garü, “importance of critical history” argisɨsü ture; “politicized history” hunda of waga’ü dhɨsné, ija qéqãtɨn sénã kénya hã ilãllu jechü kô ti. Hunda cãlã garü, yô akka dogoggorãtti fudhatame, maqã kutã Shoa duwwã kãsün kô, olola dɨnãf karã akka bane argü dandahén jira.
Dɨnni Oromô qãwa akkasɨ yô argattu, akka titɨsa raqa argatté itti gammaddi; sanattis fayadamté Oromô walitti naqüf tattãfatti. Oromôf garü yãda addaddummã qabu bifa gãrɨ fi nagãn késumsɨsün hãrã miti; abbôtiin kénya sirna Gadã késsatti Odã jala tã’anɨ akkasitti marɨhachã fi yãdãn wal dura dhãbachã turan; ni wal dhaggéfatu ture, ni wal dandahus; abãrsɨ fi arrabni dubbɨ Oromô késsa hin jiru ture. Gumɨ Gãyyô késsatti Oromôn yãda garagarã hundãf bakka kenna; yãda walɨ uggurün hin jiru; namü sénã fi kãyyô addaddã sodã tokko malé gadi bãsé hima, marɨfis dhiyéssa; “tolerance of diverse opinions” akkasɨ kun ãdã Oromô késsatti békamã dha; mãlɨf kana barrésite ykn dubbatte jedhani wal yakkün hin jiru ture. Sénãn garü kan akka dhugãtti fudhatamu yô wãn dhugã fakkãtu késsa jirãte dha; mãltu dhugã dha, kamtu dhara jedhani irrã marɨhachün wãnuma jiru. Anis kan dhagahé fi dubbise irrãn barrése; yô dhugã hin fakkãnne ykn ammô kan qabsø bilisummã Oromô mɨdhu ta’e, yãda akkasi dura dhabbachün rakkina hin qabu. Walumã galatti, ergã ani barréfamôta kô dhiyénya kana maxxanfaman késsatti dabarsü barbãde, “Oromummãn düla warra Ethiopiawinet léllisün godhamu irran kan ka’e lãfü hin danda’u ykn bishãwü hin qabu” kan jedhu ture. Afãn Inglizitɨn gababsé kãhün yô barbãchise:
The campaign of Ethiopiawinet (Ethiopian nationalism) to dilute Oromummã (Oromo nationalism) is a futile exercise. If territorial integrity of the union is chosen to be kept intact by Oromo people, then we now need to move on and struggle to realize the following five important virtues: 1) Democracy, including national self-determination, be future rule of political game in the union; 2) Afaan Oromo be primary working language of federal government; 3) Freedom from the dictatorial EPP and from any sort of national domination; 4) Odã be central part of flag for the union; 5) Great-Oromia (land of the braves) be name of the future true federation, replacing Ethiopia (land of the burnt face). Only fulfillment of these five parameters can be the possible guarantee for future long-lasting multinational federation. If the other nations, including Abyssinians, fail to accept this demand and/or offer, further push for an independent republic of Gadã-Oromia is inevitable. It is up to them to choose an integrative Great-Oromia in order to avoid disintegration of the union, which will be caused by an eventual independent Gadã-Oromia.
Dhuma irratti gãffɨ Ob. Abdɨ isa guddã sana débisün yãla. Innis akkas jedhé gãfate: “kennãn, dandéttɨ fi békumsi Oromø kan fedhɨ saba Oromôtɨf hin tãne ykn hin ôlle hɨkkãn isã mãli?” Hɨkkã isã sirrɨtti argüf wãn lama adda bãsü qabna: hɨkkã kennãn akkasɨ lammɨf qabu fi hɨkkãn inni nama sanãf qabu. Kennãn, dandéttɨ fi békumsi nama akkasi kun, fayidã lammɨ fi saba isãf hin ôlle malé ofi isãf qabénya guddã dha. Nammôta akkasi kana irrã dandéttɨn isãni mulqamü hin qabu, ammô garé hin tãnéf akka ôle himün barbãchisã dha. Yô kennãn kun yakka lammɨ ofɨ irratti hojjechüf ôlé jira ta’e, ragã dhiyéssüdhãn himamü qaba. Ergãn ani barréfama sana késsatti dabarsü yãles kanuma. Dandéntɨ dhünfã namøta akkasɨf békumsa kennü jechün, yakka isãnɨ irrã dhiqü jechü miti. Yô yakka hojetanɨ jiru ta’es, “they are simply well talented criminals”. Kanãtɨ achi, hãla amma késsa jirrutti yô füla Janus (sénã Oromô) lamãn késsã tokko dhɨsné, isa kãn duwwã ilãlle, kun garãgarummã ilalchã ti malé yakka miti. Ani füla isã tokko yôn arge, Ob. Abdɨ ammô isa bira yô ilãle, lamãn kényu mirga qabna. Kanãf jenné wal hin balãlefannu, hin abãrru, hin yakkinu; hunda cãlã ammô Wãq kényas akka nuti wal hubannu numa nu gargãra; hã jabãnnu!
Hubachɨsa: qubé kénya xiqqo foyyéssüf jecha, dubbistôta shan dabalén jira: ã = aa; é = ee; ɨ = ii; ô = oo fi ü = uu!
Barreffamni kun kan ani Afãn Oromôtɨn yerô durãf dhiyése wãn ta’éf, yô dogoggorri késsa jirãte na ofkolcha. Akka ani amma Afãn Oromôtɨn yãda kô dhiyésü yãlu kan na kakãse, débisa Obbo Abdɨ Borü barrefama kô tokkôf kenne dha. Durãn dursé Ob. Abdɨ wãn lamãf galatéfachün barbãda: tokkoffã, yerô hunda yãda isã Afãn Oromô barédã, midhãwa fi qulqullü dhan nüf dhiyésü isãf; lammaffã ammô, baréffama kô sana irratti akka Oromô tokkotti kabajã fi nãmusãn qéqa kennü isãf. Késattü, namummã kô fi yãda kô adda bãsé ilãlün isã namôta heddü baréffama sana dura-dhãbbatanɨ na shakkani fi na yakkan irrã adda isa godha. Fakkénya gãrɨ ta’ü isãtɨf ulfina guddã qaba; na birattis ni kabajama.
Itti ãnsé, wã’é Janus xiqqo ibsün yãla. Maqãn kun ‘mythology’ Grék késsatti wãqa Rome tokkôf kan kename dha. Füla lama qaba jedhamé himama: füla jalqabã (alpha) fi füla xumurã (omega). Sürãn isãf kennamu garri cãlu matã nam-tokkô, füla lama walɨn, argisɨsama. Fülli lamãn sun wal hã fakkãtani ykn wal hin fakkãtɨn ani himü hin danda’u. Akka asitti (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_(Mythologie) argisɨsame yô ta’e, wal fakkãtu jedhén yãda. Ani garü yôn sénãn Oromô füla lama qabãtinnã lãta jedhé gãfadhu, füla garagarã lama jechü kô ti. Mãlɨf akkan kana gãfadhe, yãda ani asitti barréssü yãlu irrã hubatama jedhén amana.
Baréfamni kô qéqame sun akkasitti awwãra kãsün isa karã tokko na gaddisɨse, karã birã ammô na gammachɨse. Kan na gadisɨse, jarjarsüdhãn maxxansü irrãn kan ka’e wãn xixiqô irrã of qusachü dhɨsü kô ti. Barréfamni kun wagga lama dura “Ethiopian Review Forum” irratti barréfame malé, akka ‘article’ tokkôtti, hamma dhumãtti itti hin yãdamne ture; wãn ani dhiyénya kana débisé baréfama “Jawarawi Harakat …” jedhu késsatti kãséf, namni birã fide akka yãda (comment) godhé maxxanse. Namni na béku tokko ammô yãda kana dubbisé, “kun matãn isa akka ‘article’ tokkotti otü maxxansamé dansã dha” jedhé yãda nãf kenninãn jarjarsü dhãn maxxansɨse. Jarjarsü kana késsatti, maqã kutã tokkô (Shoa) fi maqã namôta kutã sana késsã akka fakkényatti kennün kô akka dubbistô nni heddün jallãtti na hubatan godhe. Warri akkas na hubatanɨs na shakkü fi na yakkü filatan. Kan na gammachɨse ammô, namü yãda isã garagarã dubbɨ sana irratti kennaté marɨhachü isã ti.
Mé amma gara yãda akkas nu afãnfãjesse kana hã ilãllu. Akkan shakkame sana, ani Oromô kutã tokkô yakküf hin barréssine, hubannã ani sénã Oromôf qabu késsã xiqqo calaqise malé. Namônni ani akka fakkényãtti kennes warruma sammü kôtti dhufan malé, itti yãdé isãn filén miti; otün yerô fudhé itti yãdera ta’é akkas hin godhu ture; kanãf jarjarsün sun wãn dogoggora fakkãte kana üme. Garü akkas nu marɨhachɨsün isã ammô, “bagan jarjaré maxxansɨse” na jechisɨse. Gãrɨs hã ta’u hamã, yãdni ani dubbistôta irrã arge, hawãsa kényãf barumsa wãn ta’u dha jedhén amana. Yãdni ani hamma ammãtti barréssã ture hundi, hawãsa Oromô marɨhachɨsu irra kan darbe, akéka birã hin qabu. Sénãn Oromô ammô, akkuman afãn Inglizitɨn ibsã ture, akka Janus wãn bifa (füla) lama qabu fakkãta; isãnis:
– ‘Gadã-Oromianist narrative’ (sénã isa warri ‘decolonization of Gadã-Oromia itti amanan himani). Fülli sénã kun kan sénã Oromia isa fãlla sénã Abyssinia ta’e ibsu dha. Füla kana kan qaban warra Gadã-Oromianist ta’anɨ sénã Oromô akka saba ãdã guddã fi bulchinsa gãrɨ qabãchã ture, garü kolonɨ Abyssinia jalatti kufetti himan. Isãn kun Oromô warra “I am Oromo first; Ethiopia is imposed on me” jedhu hunda hammata. Sénã isãn himan, Oromôn saba Kush yô ta’u, Habeshãn ammô saba Semetic akka ta’e fi biyyøttãn laman (Abyssinia fi Oromia) ollã akka ta’an ibsa.
– ‘Great-Oromianist narrative’ (séna warri ‘democratization of Ethiopia or transformation to Great-Oromia’ sammütti qabani). Fülli birã kun, isa sénã Oromia fi sénã Abyssinia walitti fidü yãlu dha. Warri füla kana calaqisan warra Oromô akka saba biyya Ethiopia jedhamtu kana wagga 300 bulchaa turrétti dhiyésani. Isãn kun warra “I am Oromo, who contributed a lot in building the current Ethiopian state” jedhu. Sénã isan himan kan warra Kush/Meroe walɨn wal qabaté biyya lamãnü (Abyssinia fi Oromia) hammata. Oromô warri “federation dhugã fidüf qabsôfna, yô barbãchises maqaa union kanã Great-Oromia jenna” jedhan, füla sénã kanas ni késsumsɨsu.
Yô fakkényãf sénã kénya yerô warãna addunyã II, bara lola Xaliyãnɨ walɨn gône (Oromô gar tokko Xãliyãn lolani, kãn ammo Xãliyãn fãna dhãbbatanɨ Habashã lolan) fi Oromota nafxãnya Minilik ta’anɨ lafa argatan tokko-tokko ilãllu, gãffɨlén ka’ü malan: füla lamãn kana akka sénã Oromôtti fudhachü dandénya mø tokko filachü qabna? Bifa lamãn kana késsã tokko jajü fi kan birã xiqqéssü qabna mô lamãnü qixa ilãlü dandénya? Yô tokko filanne hô, mãlɨf filanna? Füla lamãn walitti fidné, achi késsã sénã walô tokko bãsü ni dandénya?…kkf dha. Késsattü, warri siyãsa Oromô gaggéssu, sénã tokko yô dhiyésan, akka mul’ata isãnɨ tajãjilutti ta’üf itti yãdanɨtu. Kanãf natti fakkãta, qãmonni siyãsa Oromô warri “federeshina dhugã ijãrra, Ethiopia késsatti Oromian if bulchü qabdi” jedhan, séna lamãnu kan késumsɨsan. Achirrã ka’anɨtu kãyyô ‘Ethiopian Federation‘ jedhu qabatanii kan déman. Dégartônni yãda kanã gar-tokko, yô furmãta yerô dhérãf ta’u barbãnne, “maqã federation ijãrüf démnu sana Oromia hã bãsnu” jechaa jiru. Yô kana gône, gara fuldurãtti, “Oromôtu Ethiopiawinet fudhata otuu hin tãne, Habashãtu Oromiyawinet fudhata” jedhanii amanu.
Amma gãffilé Ob. Abdɨ kãsé sana gaggabãbsé débisüf: yôn loltôta Semien fi Tigrai jedhu, loltün Abyssinia bakka birã (Gojjam, Gondar Kibbã fi Lasta) Minilik II fãna hin turre jechü kô miti; loltônni isã heddün garü Shoa kãbã késsã ta’ü wãn hãllu natti hin fakkãtu; loltün Tigrai ammø Oromia késsatti kan heddummãtte erga 1991 as malé, isa dura hin turre; “môrã dɨnã késsa kan hojjete hundi méshã fi gantü dha” wãn jedhu kun sirrɨ natti hin fakkãtu; môrã dɨnã késsa tã’ani firãf hojjechü fi mɨdhã tokko lammɨ irratti otü hin dalagɨn jirãchünis numa jira; ani barrefama kôkéssatti kutã Oromô tokko yakkü hin barbãnne, yakkamtôta Oromô hunda qulqulléssünis fedhɨ kô hin turre; garü namônni yãda kô dubbisan gar-tokko warri akkasitti na hubatan, otü irra deddébisanɨ yãda kô dubbisanɨ nan gammada; fakkényi kubbã mɨllã Jarman fi Poland sun yãduma kô ibsüf malé, taphattôta sana namøta hãla siyyãsa késsa jiran wajjin wal qixxésüf miti; Dr Fikre séna kan waggã 3000 barrésse, ani ammô kan waggã 300 duwwãn ilãle, kanãf yãdni kényi lamãn heddü wal hin fakkãtu.
Wãnuma fedhéfü, awãra dhékkamsã fi marɨ ho’ã akkasi kãsün sun milkã’ina barréfama sanã argisɨsa. Marɨ godhame hundatti ani gammadén jira. Barréffama dhihãtan késsatti, qabxɨlén tokko-tokko namøta marɨf akka kakãsütti, yô barbãchise akkas ‘provocative’ ta’ün barbãchisã dha. Dubbistønni gar-tokko garü, wãnuma yãdni kô isãnɨf hin liqimsannéf jecha, wãn ani “hammina dhoksãn” dému fakkéssanɨ himü barbãdan (they wanted to make a diagnosis of my “evil intention”). Kun dogoggora késsa isãn büsa malé, wãn ani démuf békü isãnɨ hin argisɨsu. Gara fuldurãfü, akka Ob. Abdɨ godhe kana yãda mormü fi xɨnxalü irratti otü xiyyéfatanii gãrɨ dha. Hunda cãlã ammô, ani yãda kô barréssé kanɨn maxxansü “barsɨsüf” miti, yô namônni yãda irratti kennan débisé achi irrã barachüf malé. Débi’ɨ ani barréfama sanãf argadhe garü kan nama ajãyibu: dubbistønni gar tokko “this is collective criminalization” jedhanɨ akka ani Oromô kutã tokkô yakketti hubatan; warri kãn ammô “this is collective de-criminalization” jedhanɨ akka ani yakkamtôta qulqullésü yãlétti na fudhatan. Baréffama tokkôf bifa wal hin simmanne lama kennan. Kan ani gochü barbãde garü, “importance of critical history” argisɨsü ture; “politicized history” hunda of waga’ü dhɨsné, ija qéqãtɨn sénã kénya hã ilãllu jechü kô ti. Hunda cãlã garü, yô akka dogoggorãtti fudhatame, maqã kutã Shoa duwwã kãsün kô, olola dɨnãf karã akka bane argü dandahén jira.
Dɨnni Oromô qãwa akkasɨ yô argattu, akka titɨsa raqa argatté itti gammaddi; sanattis fayadamté Oromô walitti naqüf tattãfatti. Oromôf garü yãda addaddummã qabu bifa gãrɨ fi nagãn késumsɨsün hãrã miti; abbôtiin kénya sirna Gadã késsatti Odã jala tã’anɨ akkasitti marɨhachã fi yãdãn wal dura dhãbachã turan; ni wal dhaggéfatu ture, ni wal dandahus; abãrsɨ fi arrabni dubbɨ Oromô késsa hin jiru ture. Gumɨ Gãyyô késsatti Oromôn yãda garagarã hundãf bakka kenna; yãda walɨ uggurün hin jiru; namü sénã fi kãyyô addaddã sodã tokko malé gadi bãsé hima, marɨfis dhiyéssa; “tolerance of diverse opinions” akkasɨ kun ãdã Oromô késsatti békamã dha; mãlɨf kana barrésite ykn dubbatte jedhani wal yakkün hin jiru ture. Sénãn garü kan akka dhugãtti fudhatamu yô wãn dhugã fakkãtu késsa jirãte dha; mãltu dhugã dha, kamtu dhara jedhani irrã marɨhachün wãnuma jiru. Anis kan dhagahé fi dubbise irrãn barrése; yô dhugã hin fakkãnne ykn ammô kan qabsø bilisummã Oromô mɨdhu ta’e, yãda akkasi dura dhabbachün rakkina hin qabu. Walumã galatti, ergã ani barréfamôta kô dhiyénya kana maxxanfaman késsatti dabarsü barbãde, “Oromummãn düla warra Ethiopiawinet léllisün godhamu irran kan ka’e lãfü hin danda’u ykn bishãwü hin qabu” kan jedhu ture. Afãn Inglizitɨn gababsé kãhün yô barbãchise:
The campaign of Ethiopiawinet (Ethiopian nationalism) to dilute Oromummã (Oromo nationalism) is a futile exercise. If territorial integrity of the union is chosen to be kept intact by Oromo people, then we now need to move on and struggle to realize the following five important virtues: 1) Democracy, including national self-determination, be future rule of political game in the union; 2) Afaan Oromo be primary working language of federal government; 3) Freedom from the dictatorial EPP and from any sort of national domination; 4) Odã be central part of flag for the union; 5) Great-Oromia (land of the braves) be name of the future true federation, replacing Ethiopia (land of the burnt face). Only fulfillment of these five parameters can be the possible guarantee for future long-lasting multinational federation. If the other nations, including Abyssinians, fail to accept this demand and/or offer, further push for an independent republic of Gadã-Oromia is inevitable. It is up to them to choose an integrative Great-Oromia in order to avoid disintegration of the union, which will be caused by an eventual independent Gadã-Oromia.
Dhuma irratti gãffɨ Ob. Abdɨ isa guddã sana débisün yãla. Innis akkas jedhé gãfate: “kennãn, dandéttɨ fi békumsi Oromø kan fedhɨ saba Oromôtɨf hin tãne ykn hin ôlle hɨkkãn isã mãli?” Hɨkkã isã sirrɨtti argüf wãn lama adda bãsü qabna: hɨkkã kennãn akkasɨ lammɨf qabu fi hɨkkãn inni nama sanãf qabu. Kennãn, dandéttɨ fi békumsi nama akkasi kun, fayidã lammɨ fi saba isãf hin ôlle malé ofi isãf qabénya guddã dha. Nammôta akkasi kana irrã dandéttɨn isãni mulqamü hin qabu, ammô garé hin tãnéf akka ôle himün barbãchisã dha. Yô kennãn kun yakka lammɨ ofɨ irratti hojjechüf ôlé jira ta’e, ragã dhiyéssüdhãn himamü qaba. Ergãn ani barréfama sana késsatti dabarsü yãles kanuma. Dandéntɨ dhünfã namøta akkasɨf békumsa kennü jechün, yakka isãnɨ irrã dhiqü jechü miti. Yô yakka hojetanɨ jiru ta’es, “they are simply well talented criminals”. Kanãtɨ achi, hãla amma késsa jirrutti yô füla Janus (sénã Oromô) lamãn késsã tokko dhɨsné, isa kãn duwwã ilãlle, kun garãgarummã ilalchã ti malé yakka miti. Ani füla isã tokko yôn arge, Ob. Abdɨ ammô isa bira yô ilãle, lamãn kényu mirga qabna. Kanãf jenné wal hin balãlefannu, hin abãrru, hin yakkinu; hunda cãlã ammô Wãq kényas akka nuti wal hubannu numa nu gargãra; hã jabãnnu!
Re: Three Language School Policy in Ethiopia!
You should not deny students the freedom of choice for the 3rd language.
I am sure lots of students from central to South, soutwest and southeast Ethiopia will choose either Amharic or Oromoffa as their 3rd language but some would have the right to choose French, Arabic, or Italian (if offered) depending on their interests, curosity and fascinatoon and post-secondary educational plans.
If you speak and write French, Arabic or Italian therefore Spanish and Portuguese, it makes it easier to get foreign scholarship if you also have the qualifying GPAs.
I am sure lots of students from central to South, soutwest and southeast Ethiopia will choose either Amharic or Oromoffa as their 3rd language but some would have the right to choose French, Arabic, or Italian (if offered) depending on their interests, curosity and fascinatoon and post-secondary educational plans.
If you speak and write French, Arabic or Italian therefore Spanish and Portuguese, it makes it easier to get foreign scholarship if you also have the qualifying GPAs.